In the beverage industry, especially for mineral water and carbonated drinks, PET has become the most widely used packaging material due to its intrinsic properties that make it, after a series of production processes, an ideal material for these types of applications. During the injection molding of preforms, the molten polymer within the channels undergoes degradation mechanisms that give rise to secondary chemical products, including acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde (AA) is a volatile substance that, under certain conditions, can migrate from the bottle walls into the contents. This issue is particularly relevant because acetaldehyde, if present in high concentrations, can compromise the quality of the finished product, altering the taste of the beverage contained in the bottle, especially for very sensitive liquids such as mineral waters. To predict the generation and distribution of acetaldehyde along the channels and cavities of the mold, a finite element method (FEM) model was developed in Ansys-CFX. Through volumetric sources, within the subdomain, a mathematical formulation was developed that explicitly expresses the generation of AA, taking into account the most relevant parameters for the problem, such as: temperature, residence time, and shear stress. The model was then calibrated with experimental data obtained from chromatographic analyses of preforms produced by an industrial mold. Having a predictive model in a CAE (Computer-Aided Engineering) environment, it is possible to evaluate, in the early stages of design and layout study of the mold, solutions that can reduce or at least uniform the quantity of residual acetaldehyde within the preforms.
Nel mondo del beverage, soprattutto per le acque minerali e per le bevande gassate, il PET è diventato il materiale di imballaggio più utilizzato grazie alle sue proprietà intrinseche che lo rendono, dopo una serie di processi produttivi, ideale per questo tipo di applicazioni. Durante lo stampaggio ad iniezione delle preforme, il polimero fuso all’interno dei canali è soggetto a dei meccanismi di degradazione che danno luce a dei prodotti chimici secondari, tra cui l’acetaldeide. L'acetaldeide (AA) è una sostanza volatile che, in determinate condizioni, può migrare dalle pareti della bottiglia al contenuto. Questo problema è particolarmente rilevante poiché l'acetaldeide, se presente in concentrazioni elevate, può compromettere la qualità del prodotto finito, alterando il gusto e l'odore della bevanda contenuta nella bottiglia, specialmente per i liquidi molto sensibili come le acque minerali. Per prevedere la generazione e la distribuzione dell’acetaldeide lungo i canali e lungo le cavità dello stampo, è stato sviluppo un modello ad elementi finiti (FEM) in Ansys-CFX. Tramite delle sorgenti volumetriche, all’interno del sottodominio, è stata sviluppata una formulazione matematica che esplicita la generazione di AA, tenendo conto dei parametri più rilevanti per il problema, ovvero: temperatura, tempo di residenza e shear stress. Il modello è stato poi tarato con i dati sperimentali ricavati dalle analisi cromatografiche delle preforme prodotte da uno stampo industriale. Avendo a disposizione un modello predittivo in ambiente CAE (Computer-Aided Engeneering) è possibile valutare, nelle prime fasi di studio e sviluppo del design e del layout dello stampo, delle soluzioni che possano ridurre o quantomeno uniformare il quantitativo di acetaldeide residuo all’interno delle preforme.
Sviluppo di un modello predittivo basato sugli elementi finiti per l'analisi della formazione di acetaldeide nel processo di stampaggio di preforme in PET.
DE MARCO, ALBERTO
2023/2024
Abstract
In the beverage industry, especially for mineral water and carbonated drinks, PET has become the most widely used packaging material due to its intrinsic properties that make it, after a series of production processes, an ideal material for these types of applications. During the injection molding of preforms, the molten polymer within the channels undergoes degradation mechanisms that give rise to secondary chemical products, including acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde (AA) is a volatile substance that, under certain conditions, can migrate from the bottle walls into the contents. This issue is particularly relevant because acetaldehyde, if present in high concentrations, can compromise the quality of the finished product, altering the taste of the beverage contained in the bottle, especially for very sensitive liquids such as mineral waters. To predict the generation and distribution of acetaldehyde along the channels and cavities of the mold, a finite element method (FEM) model was developed in Ansys-CFX. Through volumetric sources, within the subdomain, a mathematical formulation was developed that explicitly expresses the generation of AA, taking into account the most relevant parameters for the problem, such as: temperature, residence time, and shear stress. The model was then calibrated with experimental data obtained from chromatographic analyses of preforms produced by an industrial mold. Having a predictive model in a CAE (Computer-Aided Engineering) environment, it is possible to evaluate, in the early stages of design and layout study of the mold, solutions that can reduce or at least uniform the quantity of residual acetaldehyde within the preforms.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/78636