Application of the LCA methodology to steel production

This thesis aims to analyze the life cycle assessment (LCA) of steel, one of the most widely used materials in modern industry. Through a comprehensive literature review, the main processes of production, use, and disposal of steel have been examined, highlighting the critical environmental phases. The study employed LCA methodologies to quantify the environmental impacts associated with different production techniques, such as blast furnace and electric arc furnace, with a particular focus on greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, and the use of natural resources. The results show that, although steel has a significant ecological footprint, the adoption of recycling practices and the implementation of more sustainable technologies can considerably reduce environmental impacts. Additionally, opportunities for the steel industry to integrate circular economy strategies have been explored, improving material efficiency and reducing waste. This thesis contributes to a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities related to the sustainability of steel, offering insights for future research and industrial policies aimed at minimizing environmental impacts in the sector.