Vulvodynia and Hormonal Contraception: The Effects of Synthetic Hormones, Depression, and Age at Onset on the Diffusion and Type of Vulvar Pain

Vulvodynia is defined as vulvar pain lasting at least three months without an identifiable cause, although various associated factors are identified. These potential factors include genetics, hormonal influences, inflammation, musculoskeletal issues, neurological mechanisms, psychosocial factors, and structural abnormalities. Research suggests that the persistence of vulvar pain, rather than remission, is more likely in patients experiencing diffuse pain across the vulva (as opposed to pain localized in a single area) and in those with an older age at symptom onset. This study examined the impact of several variables – hormonal contraception use, vulnerability to its adverse effects, depression, anxiety, participant age, and age at onset – on the spread of vulvar pain. Findings indicate that while the use of hormonal contraception and depression were not statistically linked to diffuse vulvar pain, vulnerability to negative effects from hormonal contraception, anxiety, current age, and age at onset were significantly associated with spread of vulvar pain symptoms. Additionally, we explored whether hormonal contraception use influences the way pain is reported by women suffering from vulvodynia. Results showed that women using hormonal contraception were more likely to describe their vulvar pain as cutting or burning compared to non-users. We believe that further research into the nature of these pain characteristics will shed light on the underlying mechanisms of vulvodynia, ultimately aiding in the development of more effective medical and psychological treatment approaches.