Developmental Dyslexia (DD) is a hereditary and disabling learning disorder that affects literacy acquisition despite typical intelligence and adequate formal education. It represents a public health problem because of its high incidence (7.10%) and its negative outcomes on individual levels of well-being and socio-economic achievements. For this reason research is currently moving in the direction of prevention, looking for the identification of reliable early indicators. Phonological awareness deficit has long been considered as the basic problem in individuals with DD. However, a new line of research has allowed the reinterpretation of this theory by identifying an earlier dysfunction of attention mechanisms, in which the dorsal magnocellular neural pathway plays a central role. It has been shown that specific training of this pathway can positively affect multisensory attention skills that predict future reading skills, and action video games seem to be a promising tool in this scenario. In this study, we provided treatment through action video games to pre-school children, demonstrating its improving effect on visuo-attentional skills. Sensorimotor skills were also measured since dysfunctions in this area are often associated with DD, but no significant improvements were observed. Considering these results, the effectiveness of an early intervention on visuo-attentional skills is confirmed, which could influence the developmental trajectory of individuals, leaving open the possibility of investigating further predictors.
La Dislessia Evolutiva (DE) è un disturbo dell’apprendimento ereditario e invalidante, che influisce sull’acquisizione dell’alfabetizzazione nonostante un’intelligenza tipica e l'erogazione di un’istruzione formale adeguata. Data la sua incidenza elevata (7,10%) e i suoi esiti negativi a livello individuale di benessere e realizzazione socio-economica, rappresenta un problema di salute pubblica. Per questa ragione la ricerca negli ultimi anni si sta muovendo nella direzione della prevenzione, per cui è necessario individuare indicatori precoci affidabili. Il deficit della consapevolezza fonologica è stato a lungo considerato come il problema di base negli individui con DE. Tuttavia un nuovo filone di ricerca ha consentito la reinterpretazione di questa teoria individuando una disfunzione più precoce dei meccanismi attentivi, in cui la via neurale magno-cellulare dorsale svolge un ruolo centrale. È stato dimostrato come l’allenamento specifico di questa via riesca a incidere positivamente sulle abilità attentive multisensoriali che predicono le future abilità di lettura, e i videogiochi d’azione sembrano essere uno strumento promettente in tale scenario. In questo studio abbiamo erogato un trattamento tramite videogiochi d’azione a bambini pre-scolari, dimostrandone l’effetto migliorativo sulle abilità visuo-attenzionali. Sono state misurate anche le abilità sensorimotorie dal momento che disfunzioni in quest’area sono spesso associate a DE, senza però osservare miglioramenti significativi. Alla luce di questi risultati si conferma l’efficacia di un intervento precoce sulle abilità visuo-attenzionali che potrebbe influire sulla traiettoria evolutiva dei singoli individui, lasciando aperta la possibilità di indagare ulteriori predittori.
Verso la prevenzione della Dislessia Evolutiva: il potenziamento tramite videogiochi d’azione sembra migliorare le abilità visuo-attenzionali ma non quelle sensorimotorie in bambini prescolari
PROVENZANO, MATILDE
2023/2024
Abstract
Developmental Dyslexia (DD) is a hereditary and disabling learning disorder that affects literacy acquisition despite typical intelligence and adequate formal education. It represents a public health problem because of its high incidence (7.10%) and its negative outcomes on individual levels of well-being and socio-economic achievements. For this reason research is currently moving in the direction of prevention, looking for the identification of reliable early indicators. Phonological awareness deficit has long been considered as the basic problem in individuals with DD. However, a new line of research has allowed the reinterpretation of this theory by identifying an earlier dysfunction of attention mechanisms, in which the dorsal magnocellular neural pathway plays a central role. It has been shown that specific training of this pathway can positively affect multisensory attention skills that predict future reading skills, and action video games seem to be a promising tool in this scenario. In this study, we provided treatment through action video games to pre-school children, demonstrating its improving effect on visuo-attentional skills. Sensorimotor skills were also measured since dysfunctions in this area are often associated with DD, but no significant improvements were observed. Considering these results, the effectiveness of an early intervention on visuo-attentional skills is confirmed, which could influence the developmental trajectory of individuals, leaving open the possibility of investigating further predictors.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/79449