The heart-brain relationship is extensively investigated in the literature to understand psychopathology and how it connects to other conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases. This dissertation is going to highlight how the Nervous System, through specific brain structures and the Autonomic Nervous System, influences and is influenced by cardiac activity. We’re presenting a study that contributes to this investigation by analyzing changes in frontal theta activity during a heart self-regulation task, known as Heart Rate Biofeedback (BFB). Hypotheses: (1) participants are able to increase and decrease their heart rate as required; (2) heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) correlate negatively; (3) the high-frequency (HF) component of HRV, whose presence reflects greater cardiac vagal activation, correlates positively with frontal theta activity. Methods: Participants had their electroencephalographic and cardiac activity recorded (via Electrocardiogram) and were exposed to BFB tasks in trials where they were asked to increase or decrease their heart rate, with or without feedback (for a total of 16 trials). Statistical analyses: Using the Jamovi software, the paired Student's t-test and repeated measures ANOVA were utilized to analyze the main effect on performance, and Pearson’s R index was used for correlational analysis. Results: (1) participants can increase their heart rate when requested but are not as effective at decreasing it, regardless of the presence or absence of feedback; (2) heart rate and HRV correlate negatively; and (3) there is a positive correlation between frontal theta activity and HF-HRV only in the condition where an increase in heart rate was requested with feedback present. Further studies could confirm these results across all conditions, for instance, by proposing more training sessions; BFB could reaffirm itself as a valuable tool for visceral self-regulation, which is extremely relevant in various mental and physical health conditions.
La relazione cuore-cervello è estesamente studiata in letteratura per comprendere la psicopatologia e come essa si leghi a patologie di altra natura, come quelle cardiovascolari. Nella trattazione si evidenzierà come Il Sistema Nervoso, tramite strutture cerebrali precise e il Sistema Nervoso Autonomo, influenza ed è influenzato dall'attività cardiaca, e verrà presentato uno studio che contribuirà a tale indagine, analizzando le modificazioni dell'attività theta frontale durante un compito di autoregolazione cardiaca, l'Heart Rate Biofeedback (BFB). Ipotesi: (1) i partecipanti sono in grado di aumentare e abbassare la propria frequenza cardiaca è richiesto; (2) la frequenza cardiaca e la variabilità della frequenza cardiaca (Heart Rate Variability, HRV) correlino negativamente, (3) la componente HF (High Frequency, ovvero ad alta frequenza) dell'HRV, la cui presenza riflette una maggior attivazione cardiovagale, correli positivamente con l'attività theta frontale. Metodi: ai partecipanti viene registrata l'attività elettroencefalografica e cardiaca (tramite Elettrocardiogramma) e venivano esposti a compiti di BFB in trial dove veniva richiesto di aumentare o ridurre la propria frequenza cardiaca, in presenza o assenza di feedback (per un totale di 16 trial). Analisi statistiche: sul software Jamovi, per analizzare l'effetto principale sulla performance sono stati utilizzati il test t di Student a campioni appaiati e l'ANOVA a misure ripetute e per l'analisi correlazionale, l'indice R di Pearson. Risultati: (1) i partecipanti riescono ad aumentare la propria frequenza cardiaca quando richiesto ma non sono altrettanto efficaci nel ridurla, indifferentemente dalla presenza o meno del feedback; (2) la frequenza cardiaca e l’HRV correlano negativamente e (3) c’è una correlazione positiva tra l’attività theta frontale e la HF-HRV solo nella condizione in cui era richiesto di aumentare la frequenza cardiaca in presenza di feedback. Ulteriori studi potrebbero confermare questi risultati e confermarli per tutte le condizioni, proponendo ad esempio più sessioni di training; il BFB si riconfermerebbe un valido strumento per l’autoregolazione viscerale, estremamente rilevante in diverse patologie mentali e fisiche.
La relazione cuore-cervello: modificazioni elettroencefalografiche durante un compito di autoregolazione cardiaca
ROCCHI, LUCA
2023/2024
Abstract
The heart-brain relationship is extensively investigated in the literature to understand psychopathology and how it connects to other conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases. This dissertation is going to highlight how the Nervous System, through specific brain structures and the Autonomic Nervous System, influences and is influenced by cardiac activity. We’re presenting a study that contributes to this investigation by analyzing changes in frontal theta activity during a heart self-regulation task, known as Heart Rate Biofeedback (BFB). Hypotheses: (1) participants are able to increase and decrease their heart rate as required; (2) heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) correlate negatively; (3) the high-frequency (HF) component of HRV, whose presence reflects greater cardiac vagal activation, correlates positively with frontal theta activity. Methods: Participants had their electroencephalographic and cardiac activity recorded (via Electrocardiogram) and were exposed to BFB tasks in trials where they were asked to increase or decrease their heart rate, with or without feedback (for a total of 16 trials). Statistical analyses: Using the Jamovi software, the paired Student's t-test and repeated measures ANOVA were utilized to analyze the main effect on performance, and Pearson’s R index was used for correlational analysis. Results: (1) participants can increase their heart rate when requested but are not as effective at decreasing it, regardless of the presence or absence of feedback; (2) heart rate and HRV correlate negatively; and (3) there is a positive correlation between frontal theta activity and HF-HRV only in the condition where an increase in heart rate was requested with feedback present. Further studies could confirm these results across all conditions, for instance, by proposing more training sessions; BFB could reaffirm itself as a valuable tool for visceral self-regulation, which is extremely relevant in various mental and physical health conditions.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/79450