Preterm birth represents a traumatic event that profoundly affects both the newborn's development and the family's psychological well-being. This thesis addresses prematurity along with its psychological and social impacts, focusing on the newborn, the family, and healthcare personnel. The purpose of this work is to introduce the PROMETEUS project, which combines the expertise of the University of Padua's Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization and a multidisciplinary European team. The first chapter explores the causes, classification, and implications of preterm birth, defined by the World Health Organization as birth occurring before the 37th week of gestation. The consequences for premature newborns include medical complications and challenges in physical, cognitive, and social development. The second chapter explains the impact of premature birth on the family. This event disrupts the normal transition to parenthood, causing distress and significant psychological stress for parents. Specifically, parental functioning and attachment relationships are discussed, highlighting how prematurity alters parental expectations and the quality of the bond with the child, as well as the psychological impact of this traumatic event on the family, exploring symptoms of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress. The third chapter is dedicated to healthcare staff in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), who play a crucial role in the care of premature infants. However, working in this highly stressful environment involves significant risks to the mental health of staff, including burnout, moral distress, and secondary traumatic stress. The relentless exposure to infant suffering and death, combined with technical demands and interaction with families, makes the development of coping strategies essential for the psychological well-being of personnel. Following this theoretical overview, the European PROMETEUS project is introduced in the fourth chapter, aimed at providing an innovative approach to managing infants’ diets through a Nutritional Clinical Advisor (NCA) to keep the brains of premature newborns "healthy" and prevent deficits. Specifically, this thesis presents one of the project's sub-goals, which aims to assess the potential impact of new medical devices on the infant's body, taking into account the experience of prematurity, the NICU experience, and the psychological and physical well-being of both family and healthcare personnel in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in the area. To achieve this, existing validated tools were used, ad-hoc qualitative interviews were created, and narrative sessions were structured. This thesis presents the study protocol, the currently recruited participants, the procedures, and the instruments in detail, also including the procedure for the pilot study. The initial data collected were then analyzed, focusing on the healthcare staff group and the pilot study data.
La nascita pretermine rappresenta un evento traumatico che influenza profondamente sia lo sviluppo del neonato che la sfera psicologica della famiglia. Questa tesi presenta la prematurità con i suoi effetti psicologici e sociali focalizzandosi sul neonato, la famiglia e il personale sanitario. Lo scopo di questo lavoro ha quello di presentare il progetto PROMETEUS che unisce le competenze del dipartimento dell’Università di Padova, nello specifico il Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della Socializzazione e un’equipe multidisciplinare europea. Nel primo capitolo vengono approfondite le cause, la classificazione e le implicazioni della nascita pretermine, definite dall'Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità come un parto avvenuto prima della 37^ settimana di gestazione. Le conseguenze per i neonati prematuri comprendono complicazioni mediche e difficoltà nello sviluppo fisico, cognitivo e sociale.Nel secondo capitolo viene spiegato l'impatto della nascita prematura sulla famiglia. Questo evento interrompe il normale processo di transizione alla genitorialità, causando angoscia e un forte stress psicologico nei genitori. Nello specifico sono discussi la funzione genitoriale e il ruolo delle relazioni di attaccamento, evidenziando come la prematurità modifichi le aspettative genitoriali e la qualità del legame con il bambino, nonché l’impatto psicologico che questo evento traumatico ha sulla famiglia esplorando i sintomi ansiosi, depressivi e post-traumatici. Il terzo capitolo è dedicato al personale sanitario dell'UTIN che svolge un ruolo cruciale nella cura dei neonati prematuri. Tuttavia, il lavoro in questo ambiente altamente stressante comporta significativi rischi per la salute mentale del personale, tra cui burnout, distagio morale e stress traumatico secondario. L'incessante esposizione alla sofferenza e alla morte dei neonati, unita alle esigenze tecniche e all’interazione con le famiglie, rende indispensabile lo sviluppo di strategie di coping per il benessere psicologico del personale. In seguito a questo approfondimento teorico, viene introdotto nel quarto capitolo il progetto europeo PROMETEUS che ha l'obiettivo di fornire un’innovativa modalità di gestione della dieta dei neonati attraverso un Nutritional Clinical Advisor (NCA), con lo scopo di mantenere il cervello dei neonati prematuri “in salute” e prevenire i deficit. Nello specifico in questa tesi viene presentato uno dei sotto-obiettivi del progetto, che vuole andare a valutare il potenziale impatto di nuovi dispositivi medici sul corpo del bambino considerando l'esperienza della prematurità, l'esperienza in UTIN e il benessere psicofisico della famiglia e del personale sanitario nelle Unità di Terapia Intensiva Neonatali nel territorio. Per fare ciò sono stati utilizzati strumenti esistenti già validati, sono state create delle interviste qualitative ad-hoc ed infine e infine, sono state strutturate delle sessioni narrative. In questa tesi viene presentato il protocollo dello studio, i partecipanti attualmente reclutati, la procedura e gli strumenti nel dettaglio, includendo anche la procedura dello studio pilota. Sono stati poi analizzati i primi dati raccolti, in riferimento al gruppo del personale sanitario e i dati relativi allo studio pilota.
L’esperienza della prematurità per la famiglia del bambino e il personale sanitario: la valutazione del benessere psicologico nell’Unità di Terapia Intensiva Neonatale e la percezione dei dispositivi medici sul corpo del neonato prematuro
BRUTTO, AURORA
2023/2024
Abstract
Preterm birth represents a traumatic event that profoundly affects both the newborn's development and the family's psychological well-being. This thesis addresses prematurity along with its psychological and social impacts, focusing on the newborn, the family, and healthcare personnel. The purpose of this work is to introduce the PROMETEUS project, which combines the expertise of the University of Padua's Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization and a multidisciplinary European team. The first chapter explores the causes, classification, and implications of preterm birth, defined by the World Health Organization as birth occurring before the 37th week of gestation. The consequences for premature newborns include medical complications and challenges in physical, cognitive, and social development. The second chapter explains the impact of premature birth on the family. This event disrupts the normal transition to parenthood, causing distress and significant psychological stress for parents. Specifically, parental functioning and attachment relationships are discussed, highlighting how prematurity alters parental expectations and the quality of the bond with the child, as well as the psychological impact of this traumatic event on the family, exploring symptoms of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress. The third chapter is dedicated to healthcare staff in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), who play a crucial role in the care of premature infants. However, working in this highly stressful environment involves significant risks to the mental health of staff, including burnout, moral distress, and secondary traumatic stress. The relentless exposure to infant suffering and death, combined with technical demands and interaction with families, makes the development of coping strategies essential for the psychological well-being of personnel. Following this theoretical overview, the European PROMETEUS project is introduced in the fourth chapter, aimed at providing an innovative approach to managing infants’ diets through a Nutritional Clinical Advisor (NCA) to keep the brains of premature newborns "healthy" and prevent deficits. Specifically, this thesis presents one of the project's sub-goals, which aims to assess the potential impact of new medical devices on the infant's body, taking into account the experience of prematurity, the NICU experience, and the psychological and physical well-being of both family and healthcare personnel in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in the area. To achieve this, existing validated tools were used, ad-hoc qualitative interviews were created, and narrative sessions were structured. This thesis presents the study protocol, the currently recruited participants, the procedures, and the instruments in detail, also including the procedure for the pilot study. The initial data collected were then analyzed, focusing on the healthcare staff group and the pilot study data.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/79564