This thesis work analyzes different methodologies for the enumeration and characterization of lactic acid bacteria in probiotic products, with the aim of improving the quality of products offered in the market. Several combined approaches were used in this thesis to obtain a comprehensive evaluation of bacterial strains. The first part of the work is focused on the quantitative analysis of lactic acid bacteria from raw materials of single-strain probiotic products and an already marketed multi-strain probiotic product. For this purpose, we compared the sensitivity of cytofluorimetry or flow cytometry, an innovative and rapid technique, to the traditional total plate count, a commonly used technique, but one that can be relatively time-consuming. Cytofluorimetry is a technique that enables rapid and precise analysis of numerous parameters, most importantly, it allows detection of the metabolic activity of single cells or microparticles in a very short time interval. In addition, analysis by cytofluorimetry does not require complex sample preparation providing complete and detailed data that can be used, for a thorough understanding of the bacterial population in single-cell products. However, it cannot be used for multi-strain products, as it does not allow the identification of different strains within the same analysis. Next, a comparative study was conducted between the different methods, such as MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and the API system, in order to analyze their effectiveness and validity. The tests performed showed that both methods are efficient in characterizing various bacterial species. In particular, the MALDI-TOF methodology stood out for it’s rapidity, allowing fast and accurate identification of a wide range of bacterial species. At the same time, the API system while being inexpensive, has demonstrated it’s usefulness in characterizing particularly the genus Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Bacillus. resents the limitation of not being able to identify all species of lactic acid bacteria. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of these combined methods in providing optimal quantification and characterization of bacterial strains, offering a flexible platform for improved quality control of probiotic products.
Questo lavoro di tesi analizza diverse metodologie per l’enumerazione e la caratterizzazione di batteri lattici in prodotti probiotici, con l’obiettivo di migliorare la qualità dei prodotti offerti nel mercato. In questa tesi sono stati impiegati diversi approcci combinati per ottenere una valutazione completa dei ceppi batterici. La prima parte del lavoro è focalizzata sull’analisi quantitativa di batteri lattici provenienti da materie prime di prodotti probiotici monoceppo e un prodotto probiotico multiceppo già commercializzato. A tale scopo abbiamo paragonato la sensibilità della citofluorimetria o citometria a flusso, tecnica innovativa e rapida, alla tradizionale conta totale in piastra, tecnica comunemente utilizzata, che però può richiedere tempi relativamente lunghi. La citofluorimetria è una tecnica che permette di analizzare rapidamente ed in modo preciso numerosi parametri, soprattutto consente di rilevare l’attività metabolica di singole cellule o microparticelle in un intervallo di tempo molto ridotto. Inoltre, l’analisi mediante citofluorimetro non richiede una complessa preparazione del campione fornendo dati completi e dettagliati che possono essere utilizzati, per una comprensione approfondita della popolazione batterica nei prodotti monoceppo. Tuttavia, non può essere utilizzata per prodotti multiceppo, poiché non consente l'identificazione di ceppi differenti all'interno della stessa analisi. Successivamente, è stato condotto uno studio comparativo tra le diverse metodiche, quali la spettrometria di massa MALDI-TOF e il sistema API, al fine di analizzarne l’efficacia e la validità. Dai test eseguiti è emerso come entrambi i metodi siano efficienti nella caratterizzazione delle varie specie batteriche. In particolare, la metodologia MALDI-TOF si è distinta per la sua rapidità, consentendo un’identificazione veloce e accurata di un’ampia gamma di specie batteriche. Parallelamente, il sistema API pur essendo economico, ha dimostrato la sua utilità nella caratterizzazione in particolare modo del genere Lactobacillus, Streptococcus e Bacillus. Presenta però il limite di non riuscire a identificare tutte le specie di batteri lattici. I risultati ottenuti dimostrano l’efficacia di questi metodi combinati nel fornire un’ottimale quantificazione e caratterizzazione dei ceppi batterici, offrendo una piattaforma flessibile per un migliore controllo qualità dei prodotti probiotici.
OTTIMIZZAZIONE DEI METODI D’ANALISI DI CEPPI BATTERICI IN PRODOTTI PROBIOTICI.
LAVARDA, GIULIA
2023/2024
Abstract
This thesis work analyzes different methodologies for the enumeration and characterization of lactic acid bacteria in probiotic products, with the aim of improving the quality of products offered in the market. Several combined approaches were used in this thesis to obtain a comprehensive evaluation of bacterial strains. The first part of the work is focused on the quantitative analysis of lactic acid bacteria from raw materials of single-strain probiotic products and an already marketed multi-strain probiotic product. For this purpose, we compared the sensitivity of cytofluorimetry or flow cytometry, an innovative and rapid technique, to the traditional total plate count, a commonly used technique, but one that can be relatively time-consuming. Cytofluorimetry is a technique that enables rapid and precise analysis of numerous parameters, most importantly, it allows detection of the metabolic activity of single cells or microparticles in a very short time interval. In addition, analysis by cytofluorimetry does not require complex sample preparation providing complete and detailed data that can be used, for a thorough understanding of the bacterial population in single-cell products. However, it cannot be used for multi-strain products, as it does not allow the identification of different strains within the same analysis. Next, a comparative study was conducted between the different methods, such as MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and the API system, in order to analyze their effectiveness and validity. The tests performed showed that both methods are efficient in characterizing various bacterial species. In particular, the MALDI-TOF methodology stood out for it’s rapidity, allowing fast and accurate identification of a wide range of bacterial species. At the same time, the API system while being inexpensive, has demonstrated it’s usefulness in characterizing particularly the genus Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Bacillus. resents the limitation of not being able to identify all species of lactic acid bacteria. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of these combined methods in providing optimal quantification and characterization of bacterial strains, offering a flexible platform for improved quality control of probiotic products.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/79729