Inside a golf course, maintenance operations of the different surfaces require the use of a large amount of energy and resources to achieve the high standards required. Aware of the fact that the climate change we are witnessing is the result of multiple emissions generated by human activities, we must seriously commit ourselves to trying to make these activities as sustainable as possible. Clearly this reduction action can only be implemented after having quantified the environmental impacts generated, for this reason within the following thesis we are going to carry out a balance of the different sources of emission and absorption in order to understand if the golf course under examination is a sink or source of CO2. The Golf Club Ca' Amata located in the province of Treviso (Italy) was selected as the area of analysis, whose staff gave full availability to collaborate and to provide some data, as they are also interested in making their activity more sustainable. The annual amount of CO2 emitted by the machinery used to carry out maintenance operations of the different lawns and vegetation present was estimated. This was made possible by intersecting the hours of operation of the machines with their hourly consumption. The annual amount obtained was 73.01 Mg of CO2. 73% of the emissions are due to the cutting operations of the turf; the areas of the golf course that generate the most total emissions are the fairways and the roughs (this is due to their size). Furthermore, considering the emissions generated by a single unit of surface, it turns out that the greens are the surfaces that emit the most carbon dioxide because they require numerous maintenance practices. The emissions generated by the application of fertilizers on the turf were also estimated, which contribute to the release of N2O which is much more climate-altering than CO2. The total value of these emissions was obtained starting from the average values obtained from the bibliographic research carried out which, knowing the fertilization plan, led to the estimate of an annual release of 38.59 kg of N2O which translates into 11.50 Mg of CO2e. As regards absorption, we began by quantifying the amount of CO2 sequestered by the trees and shrubs present. This value was obtained by applying the i-Tree Eco model, which provides an estimate of the amount absorbed starting from a series of information regarding the vegetation present; since a census of the vegetation inside the golf course was not available, it was necessary to proceed with its creation. From this activity, which involved the entire surface, 7119 individuals belonging to 84 different species were censused. Subsequently, with the data collected, the model was applied, which highlighted an annual absorption of 163.48 Mg of CO2. Subsequently, the total absorption of CO2 by the surfaces covered by the turf-soil system was estimated; after carrying out a bibliographic search conducted on scientific articles, average absorption values were obtained, which applied to our analysis site provided an annual absorption of 361.66 Mg of CO2. From this first analysis, balancing the set of absorptions with the set of emissions, we obtain a surplus of absorption of 440 Mg of CO2. We can therefore say that the golf course analyzed contributes to the sequestration of CO2, thus representing a carbon sink since the absorption of CO2 is greater than the amount released. Although the result obtained is positive, it is essential to continue to commit to making the maintenance of these surfaces more sustainable by implementing all possible solutions.
All’interno di un campo da golf le operazioni di manutenzione delle diverse superfici presenti richiedono l’impiego di una grande quantità di energia e risorse per raggiungere gli elevati standard richiesti. Consapevoli del fatto che il cambiamento climatico a cui stiamo assistendo è frutto delle molteplici emissioni generate dalle attività umane, bisogna impegnarsi seriamente nel cercare di rendere queste attività il più sostenibili possibile. Chiaramente questa azione di riduzione può essere attuata solamente dopo aver quantificato gli impatti ambientali generati, per questo motivo all’interno della seguente tesi si va ad eseguire un bilancio delle diverse fonti di emissione e di assorbimento al fine di comprendere se il campo da golf preso in esame sia sink o source di CO2. Come area di analisi è stato selezionato il Golf Club Ca’ Amata situato in provincia di Treviso (Italia), il cui personale ha dato completa disponibilità a collaborare e a fornire alcuni dati, essendo anche loro interesse rendere più sostenibile la loro attività. Si è stimato l’ammontare annuo di CO2 emessa ad opera dei macchinari impiegati per eseguire le operazioni di manutenzione dei diversi tappeti erbosi e della vegetazione presente. Questo è stato reso possibile intersecando le ore di funzionamento dei macchinari con i loro consumi orari. L’ammontare annuo ottenuto è stato di 73,01 Mg di CO2. Il 73% delle emissioni sono a carico delle operazioni di taglio dei tappeti erbosi; le aree del campo da golf che generano più emissioni totali sono i fairways e i roughs (questo è dovuto alle loro dimensioni). Inoltre, andando a considerare le emissioni generate da una singola unità di superficie, risulta che i greens sono le superfici che emettono più anidride carbonica perché richiedono numerose pratiche di manutenzione. Si sono anche stimate le emissioni generate dall’applicazione dei fertilizzanti sui tappeti erbosi, i quali contribuiscono al rilascio di N2O il quale è ben più climalterante della CO2. Il valore totale di queste emissioni è stato ottenuto a partire da dei valori medi ottenuti dalla ricerca bibliografica svolta che, conoscendo il piano di concimazione, hanno portato alla stima di un rilasciano annuo di 38,59 kg di N2O che si traducono in 11,50 Mg di CO2e. Per quanto riguarda gli assorbimenti si è iniziato col quantificare a quanto ammonti la CO2 sequestrata dalla vegetazione arborea e arbustiva presente. Questo valore è stato ottenuto applicando il modello i-Tree Eco, il quale fornisce la stima della quantità assorbita a partire da una serie di informazioni riguardanti la vegetazione presente; non essendo disponibile un censimento della vegetazione all’interno del golf si è dovuto procedere alla sua realizzazione. Da questa attività, che ha interessato l’intera superficie, sono stati censiti ben 7119 individui appartenenti ad 84 specie diverse. Successivamente con i dati raccolti si è applicato il modello, il quale ha evidenziato un assorbimento annuo di 163,48 Mg di CO2. In seguito, si è stimato l’assorbimento totale di CO2 a carico delle superfici ricoperte dal sistema tappeto erboso-suolo; dopo aver eseguito una ricerca bibliografica condotta su articoli scientifici si sono ottenuti dei valori medi di assorbimento, i quali applicati al nostro sito di analisi hanno fornito un assorbimento annuo di 361,66 Mg di CO2. Da questa prima analisi, mettendo a bilancio l’insieme degli assorbimenti con l’insieme delle emissioni, si ottiene un surplus di assorbimento di ben 440 Mg di CO2. Si può quindi dire che il campo da golf analizzato contribuisca al sequestro di CO2 rappresentando quindi un sink di carbonio visto che l’assorbimento di CO2 risulta maggiore di quanta ne venga rilasciata. Sebbene il risultato ottenuto sia positivo, è fondamentale continuare ad impegnarsi nel rendere più sostenibile la manutenzione di queste superfici attuando tutte le soluzioni possibili.
Il campo da golf: sink o source di CO2? Il caso studio del Golf Club Ca’ Amata a Castelfranco Veneto
ALBERTON, ENRICO
2023/2024
Abstract
Inside a golf course, maintenance operations of the different surfaces require the use of a large amount of energy and resources to achieve the high standards required. Aware of the fact that the climate change we are witnessing is the result of multiple emissions generated by human activities, we must seriously commit ourselves to trying to make these activities as sustainable as possible. Clearly this reduction action can only be implemented after having quantified the environmental impacts generated, for this reason within the following thesis we are going to carry out a balance of the different sources of emission and absorption in order to understand if the golf course under examination is a sink or source of CO2. The Golf Club Ca' Amata located in the province of Treviso (Italy) was selected as the area of analysis, whose staff gave full availability to collaborate and to provide some data, as they are also interested in making their activity more sustainable. The annual amount of CO2 emitted by the machinery used to carry out maintenance operations of the different lawns and vegetation present was estimated. This was made possible by intersecting the hours of operation of the machines with their hourly consumption. The annual amount obtained was 73.01 Mg of CO2. 73% of the emissions are due to the cutting operations of the turf; the areas of the golf course that generate the most total emissions are the fairways and the roughs (this is due to their size). Furthermore, considering the emissions generated by a single unit of surface, it turns out that the greens are the surfaces that emit the most carbon dioxide because they require numerous maintenance practices. The emissions generated by the application of fertilizers on the turf were also estimated, which contribute to the release of N2O which is much more climate-altering than CO2. The total value of these emissions was obtained starting from the average values obtained from the bibliographic research carried out which, knowing the fertilization plan, led to the estimate of an annual release of 38.59 kg of N2O which translates into 11.50 Mg of CO2e. As regards absorption, we began by quantifying the amount of CO2 sequestered by the trees and shrubs present. This value was obtained by applying the i-Tree Eco model, which provides an estimate of the amount absorbed starting from a series of information regarding the vegetation present; since a census of the vegetation inside the golf course was not available, it was necessary to proceed with its creation. From this activity, which involved the entire surface, 7119 individuals belonging to 84 different species were censused. Subsequently, with the data collected, the model was applied, which highlighted an annual absorption of 163.48 Mg of CO2. Subsequently, the total absorption of CO2 by the surfaces covered by the turf-soil system was estimated; after carrying out a bibliographic search conducted on scientific articles, average absorption values were obtained, which applied to our analysis site provided an annual absorption of 361.66 Mg of CO2. From this first analysis, balancing the set of absorptions with the set of emissions, we obtain a surplus of absorption of 440 Mg of CO2. We can therefore say that the golf course analyzed contributes to the sequestration of CO2, thus representing a carbon sink since the absorption of CO2 is greater than the amount released. Although the result obtained is positive, it is essential to continue to commit to making the maintenance of these surfaces more sustainable by implementing all possible solutions.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/80353