Influenza is an acute respiratory disease with the flu virus as its causative agent. According to the World Health Organization, there are an estimated 1 billion new cases and 290,000-650,000 deaths every year. At the base of the pathology there are both respiratory symptoms, such as cough and pharyngodynia due to the cytopathic effect of the virus, and systemic symptoms, such as fever, asthenia and myalgia, caused by the immune response of the host. In more susceptible patients, such as children under 5 years or elderly over 65 years of age, there is a greater severity of the clinical course with the development of systemic complications that can lead to death. Influenza virus is classified in the family Orthomyxoviridae and is divided into 4 types A, B, C, D. Types A (IAV) and B (IBV) are responsible for seasonal outbreaks in winter months, while pandemics, which occur more rarely, are caused exclusively by type A viruses. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the epidemiological trend of influenza seasons from 2017 to 2023 in the Veneto region and the development of tests for the evaluation of drug resistance. Partial data from the current season 2023-2024 will also be anticipated, both for the epidemiological aspect and for the molecular phylogeny analysis of circulating viruses.
L’influenza è una malattia respiratoria acuta che ha come agente eziologico il virus dell’influenza. Secondo l’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità si stimano ogni anno circa 1 miliardo di nuovi casi e 290.000-650.000 decessi. Alla base della patologia si hanno sia una sintomatologia respiratoria, come tosse e faringodinia dovute all’effetto citopatico del virus, sia sintomi sistemici, come febbre, astenia e mialgie, causati dalla risposta immunitaria dell’ospite. In pazienti più suscettibili, come bambini sotto i 5 anni o anziani oltre i 65 anni, si ha una maggior gravità del decorso clinico con lo sviluppo di complicanze sistemiche che possono portare al decesso. Il virus dell’influenza è classificato nella famiglia delle Orthomyxoviridae e viene suddiviso in 4 tipi A, B, C, D. I tipi A (IAV) e B (IBV) sono responsabili di recrudescenze epidemiche stagionali nei mesi invernali, mentre le pandemie, che si verificano più raramente, sono causate esclusivamente da virus del tipo A. Lo scopo di questo lavoro di tesi è valutare l’andamento epidemiologico delle stagioni influenzali dal 2017 al 2023 nella regione Veneto e lo sviluppo di saggi per la valutazione della farmacoresistenza. Saranno anche anticipati i dati parziali della stagione in corso 2023-2024, sia per l’aspetto epidemiologico sia per l’analisi di filogenesi molecolare dei virus circolanti.
Sorveglianza dell'influenza: evoluzione del virus e sviluppo di saggi per la valutazione della farmacoresistenza
PARRASIA, CECILIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Influenza is an acute respiratory disease with the flu virus as its causative agent. According to the World Health Organization, there are an estimated 1 billion new cases and 290,000-650,000 deaths every year. At the base of the pathology there are both respiratory symptoms, such as cough and pharyngodynia due to the cytopathic effect of the virus, and systemic symptoms, such as fever, asthenia and myalgia, caused by the immune response of the host. In more susceptible patients, such as children under 5 years or elderly over 65 years of age, there is a greater severity of the clinical course with the development of systemic complications that can lead to death. Influenza virus is classified in the family Orthomyxoviridae and is divided into 4 types A, B, C, D. Types A (IAV) and B (IBV) are responsible for seasonal outbreaks in winter months, while pandemics, which occur more rarely, are caused exclusively by type A viruses. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the epidemiological trend of influenza seasons from 2017 to 2023 in the Veneto region and the development of tests for the evaluation of drug resistance. Partial data from the current season 2023-2024 will also be anticipated, both for the epidemiological aspect and for the molecular phylogeny analysis of circulating viruses.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/80525