The waning of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination immunity and the appearance of variants of concerns (VOCs) lead to the need of new therapeutic options against COVID-19. Vaccination is based on immunization with the viral Spike protein. Produced antibodies are mainly directed towards the receptor binding domain (RBD) of S1 subunit, site characterized by high mutational rate. For this reason, there is an increasing interest in finding new therapeutics able to target more conserved regions, in order to reduce viral escape. S2 subunit is more conserved than S1, thus representing a promising viral target. In particular, the interaction between S2 heptapeptide repeat regions HR1 and HR2 plays a key role in viral entry within host cells, so they are potential targets for fusion inhibitors. In this work, anti-SARS-CoV-2-nanobodies derived from alpacas, have been obtained through immunization with the HR1-mimicking L3C protein. Three nanobodies, Nb-147, Nb-184 and Nb- 235, selected from a pool of six, have been produced, purified and characterized through circular dichroism and dynamic light scattering. Isothermal titration calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry have then been performed to investigate their ability to interact with HR1 and to displace the HR1-HR2 interaction in vitro. This research is based on the idea of using nanobodies against the HR1 conserved region, possibility till now unexplored.
La diminuzione dell'immunità vaccinale contro il SARS-CoV-2 e l'apparizione di varianti problematiche (VOCs) portano alla necessità di nuove opzioni terapeutiche contro il COVID-19. La vaccinazione si basa sull’immunizzazione mediata dalla proteina virale Spike. Gli anticorpi prodotti sono principalmente diretti verso il dominio di legame al recettore (RBD) della subunità S1, sito caratterizzato da un alto tasso di mutazione. Per questo motivo, c'è un crescente interesse nel trovare nuove terapie, mirate verso regioni più conservate, al fine di ridurre la resistenza virale. La subunità S2 è più conservata di S1 e rappresenta quindi un bersaglio virale promettente. In particolare, l’interazione tra le regioni eptapeptidiche ripetute di S2, HR1 e HR2, svolge un ruolo chiave nell'entrata virale all'interno delle cellule ospiti. Per questo motivo, esse sono potenziali bersagli per inibitori di fusione. In questo lavoro, sono stati ottenuti nano anticorpi anti-SARS-CoV-2 derivati dagli alpaca, mediante immunizzazione con la proteina L3C, mimetica di HR1. Tre nano anticorpi, Nb-147, Nb-184 e Nb-235, selezionati da un gruppo di sei, sono stati prodotti, purificati e caratterizzati mediante dicroismo circolare e diffusione dinamica della luce (DLS). In seguito, la calorimetria di titolazione isotermica e la calorimetria a scansione differenziale sono state eseguite per indagare la capacità dei nano anticorpi di interagire con HR1 e di inibire l'interazione tra HR1 e HR2 in vitro. Questa ricerca è basata sull'idea di usare nano anticorpi contro la regione conservata HR1, possibilità finora inesplorata.
Nanobodies targeted against highly preserved epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein
LA ROCCHIA, ILARIA
2023/2024
Abstract
The waning of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination immunity and the appearance of variants of concerns (VOCs) lead to the need of new therapeutic options against COVID-19. Vaccination is based on immunization with the viral Spike protein. Produced antibodies are mainly directed towards the receptor binding domain (RBD) of S1 subunit, site characterized by high mutational rate. For this reason, there is an increasing interest in finding new therapeutics able to target more conserved regions, in order to reduce viral escape. S2 subunit is more conserved than S1, thus representing a promising viral target. In particular, the interaction between S2 heptapeptide repeat regions HR1 and HR2 plays a key role in viral entry within host cells, so they are potential targets for fusion inhibitors. In this work, anti-SARS-CoV-2-nanobodies derived from alpacas, have been obtained through immunization with the HR1-mimicking L3C protein. Three nanobodies, Nb-147, Nb-184 and Nb- 235, selected from a pool of six, have been produced, purified and characterized through circular dichroism and dynamic light scattering. Isothermal titration calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry have then been performed to investigate their ability to interact with HR1 and to displace the HR1-HR2 interaction in vitro. This research is based on the idea of using nanobodies against the HR1 conserved region, possibility till now unexplored.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/80870