Due to climate change and energy poverty, policies are globally shifting toward renewable primary energy carriers. Solar photovoltaic is considered a key technology for the energy transition. Indeed, several GW of new photovoltaic systems are expected to be installed in the short term. To keep up with the growing demand for PV technologies, manufacturers of photovoltaic modules will also have to increase their production. Among them, FuturaSun S.r.l. also plans to invest in the sector. FuturaSun is an Italian producer of PV technologies, which recently acquired Solertix S.r.l., a research and development start-up for promising new photovoltaic technologies. Ther aim is to commercialize four-terminal perovskite on silicon tandem modules, that are demonstrating better solar energy conversion performance than conventional PV silicon. The company roadmap includes increasing the level of technological readiness of their products (TRL) by optimizing the industrial processes. This thesis will outline a preliminary design of a pilot line for the production of Solertix’s prototypes. Its purpose will be to understand the feasibility of future commercialization of tandem products. The study will be based on the machines needed to produce the prototypes and their requirements. A reasonable productivity will then be assumed to properly design the factory layout. The thesis will also include a study of energy payback time (EPBT) and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). Useful indexes to compare PST technology with conventional silicon, identify its benefits, and optimization opportunities. Values for residential rooftops and utilities with tracking applications will be evaluated, considering Rome and Milan as installation sites for PV generation. Firstly, the pilot line will be analysed to identify the most influential phases and parts in terms of energy and monetary expenses. Energy consumption associated with prototypes produced will then be assigned for EPBT calculations, while production costs, CapEx and OpEx will be considered for the LCOE. To compare the indexes with those of conventional silicon, an outlook for the industrial production of commercial PST modules will be necessary. In fact, the reference silicon technology is realized through a well-established manufacturing chain. The production and consumptions of the pilot line will be appropriately scaled considering a factory with a nominal size of 500 MW. In this way, it will be possible to compare the EPBT values obtained. Meanwhile, the LCOE analysis will be carried out starting from expected performance and prices in short and medium terms of PST technology and conventional silicon ones. Then, the study will highlight the possible benefits of PST technology affected by expected developments
A causa delle problematiche legate al cambiamento climatico e la povertà energetica in alcune parti del mondo le politiche si stanno globalmente orientando verso fonti rinnovabili di energia. Il solare fotovoltaico è considerato una tecnologia chiave per la transizione energetica. È infatti prevista, nel breve tempo, l’istallazione di svariati GW di nuovi impianti fotovoltaici. Per seguire la crescente domanda della tecnologia, anche i produttori di moduli fotovoltaici dovranno incrementare la loro produzione. Fra questi, anche FuturaSun S.r.l. prevede di investire nel settore. FuturaSun ha infatti acquisito Solertix S.r.l, una start-up di ricerca e sviluppo di nuove promettenti tecnologie fotovoltaiche. Essi mirano alla commercializzazione di moduli tandem perovskite su silicio a quattro terminali, i quali stanno dimostrando prestazioni di conversione dell’energia solare migliori rispetto al silicio tradizionale. L’azienda prevede di aumentare il livello di prontezza tecnologica dei loro prodotti (TRL), ottimizzando i processi di produzione industriale. Questa tesi andrà a delineare un progetto preliminare di una linea pilota per la produzione dei loro prototipi. Lo scopo della linea sarà quello di comprendere la fattibilità di una futura commercializzazione dei prodotti tandem. Lo studio si baserà sulle macchine necessarie per la produzione dei prototipi e sui loro requisiti. Si ipotizzerà quindi una produttività verosimile per progettare adeguatamente il layout. La tesi prevede anche un calcolo del tempo di ritorno dell’energia (EPBT) e del costo livellato dell’elettricità (LCOE). Indici utili per comparare la tecnologia PST con il silicio tradizionale, individuarne i benefici e le opportunità di ottimizzazione. I valori saranno valutati per le applicazioni residenziale su tetto e industriale con inseguimento, considerando Roma e Milano come siti di installazione per la generazione fotovoltaica. Primariamente sarà analizzata la linea pilota, per individuare le fasi e le parti più influenti in termini di spese energetiche e monetarie. Saranno quindi assegnati i consumi energetici associati ai prototipi prodotti per il calcolo dell’EPBT, mentre per l’indice LCOE saranno considerati i costi di produzione, i CapEx e gli OpEx. Per comparare gli indici con quelli del silicio tradizionale, sarà necessaria una previsione della produzione industriale di moduli PST commerciali. Infatti, la tecnologia al silicio di riferimento è realizzata tramite una produzione di scala ben consolidata. La produzione e i consumi della linea pilota saranno opportunamente scalati considerando una fabbrica con taglia nominale di 500 MW. In questo modo sarà possibile confrontare i valori di EPBT ottenuti. Invece, l’analisi LCOE sarà realizzata partendo dalle prestazioni e prezzi attesi nel breve e medio termine della tecnologia PST e del silicio tradizionale. Lo studio evidenzierà i possibili vantaggi della tecnologia in funzione dello sviluppo previsto dei moduli.
Perovskite/silicon tandem photovoltaic modules: pilot line design, analysis and outlook of the upscaled manufactory
CECCHETTO, DAVIDE
2023/2024
Abstract
Due to climate change and energy poverty, policies are globally shifting toward renewable primary energy carriers. Solar photovoltaic is considered a key technology for the energy transition. Indeed, several GW of new photovoltaic systems are expected to be installed in the short term. To keep up with the growing demand for PV technologies, manufacturers of photovoltaic modules will also have to increase their production. Among them, FuturaSun S.r.l. also plans to invest in the sector. FuturaSun is an Italian producer of PV technologies, which recently acquired Solertix S.r.l., a research and development start-up for promising new photovoltaic technologies. Ther aim is to commercialize four-terminal perovskite on silicon tandem modules, that are demonstrating better solar energy conversion performance than conventional PV silicon. The company roadmap includes increasing the level of technological readiness of their products (TRL) by optimizing the industrial processes. This thesis will outline a preliminary design of a pilot line for the production of Solertix’s prototypes. Its purpose will be to understand the feasibility of future commercialization of tandem products. The study will be based on the machines needed to produce the prototypes and their requirements. A reasonable productivity will then be assumed to properly design the factory layout. The thesis will also include a study of energy payback time (EPBT) and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). Useful indexes to compare PST technology with conventional silicon, identify its benefits, and optimization opportunities. Values for residential rooftops and utilities with tracking applications will be evaluated, considering Rome and Milan as installation sites for PV generation. Firstly, the pilot line will be analysed to identify the most influential phases and parts in terms of energy and monetary expenses. Energy consumption associated with prototypes produced will then be assigned for EPBT calculations, while production costs, CapEx and OpEx will be considered for the LCOE. To compare the indexes with those of conventional silicon, an outlook for the industrial production of commercial PST modules will be necessary. In fact, the reference silicon technology is realized through a well-established manufacturing chain. The production and consumptions of the pilot line will be appropriately scaled considering a factory with a nominal size of 500 MW. In this way, it will be possible to compare the EPBT values obtained. Meanwhile, the LCOE analysis will be carried out starting from expected performance and prices in short and medium terms of PST technology and conventional silicon ones. Then, the study will highlight the possible benefits of PST technology affected by expected developmentsFile | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/81029