Molecular diagnosis of hereditary cancer allows for the identification of individuals with a genetic predisposition by pinpointing the causative genetic defect. However, DNA sequencing alone has significant limitations in detecting and classifying variants that disrupt mRNA splicing. In recent years, RNA analysis has emerged as a promising technology capable of overcoming these limitations, enabling the detection of aberrant transcripts and providing crucial evidence for the interpretation of genetic variants. This thesis highlights the advantages of RNA analysis and presents the results of a study that uses massive parallel sequencing of cDNA libraries enriched through capture, starting from peripheral blood. This technique enables the analysis of genes with low expression levels in this tissue while optimizing sequencing costs. Furthermore, the Nonsense-Mediated Decay (NMD) mechanism was examined using puromycin treatment, demonstrating how this pathway degrades unstable aberrant mRNAs, leading to reduced protein expression. The analysis of variants in genes associated with hereditary cancer predisposition has underscored the importance of this methodology in understanding mechanisms of aberrant splicing, which affect variant pathogenicity. This approach has proven critical for supporting variant classification and improving molecular diagnostics. The results confirm RNA analysis as an essential tool for the future of precision medicine and genetic diagnostics.
La diagnosi molecolare delle forme ereditarie di tumore permette di riconoscere le persone con predisposizione genetica attraverso l’identificazione del difetto genetico causativo. Tuttavia, il sequenziamento del DNA da solo presenta limiti significativi nella rilevazione e classificazione delle varianti che alterano lo splicing dell’mRNA. Negli ultimi anni, l’analisi dell’RNA si è affermata come una promettente tecnologia in grado di superare questi limiti, offrendo la possibilità di rilevare trascritti aberranti e fornire evidenze cruciali per l’interpretazione delle varianti genetiche. Questa tesi presenta i vantaggi dell’analisi RNA e i risultati di uno studio che, a partire da sangue periferico, utilizza il sequenziamento massivo di librerie di cDNA arricchite mediante cattura, una tecnica che consente di analizzare anche geni scarsamente espressi in questo tessuto, ottimizzando i costi di sequenziamento. Inoltre, è stato analizzato il meccanismo di Nonsense-Mediated Decay (NMD) attraverso il trattamento con puromicina, dimostrando come questa via degradi mRNA aberranti instabili, con conseguente riduzione dell’espressione proteica. L’analisi di varianti in geni associati alla predisposizione ereditaria al cancro ha evidenziato l’importanza di questa metodologia per comprendere i meccanismi di splicing aberrante, che influenzano la patogenicità delle varianti. Questo approccio si è rivelato fondamentale per supportare la classificazione delle varianti e migliorare la diagnostica molecolare. I risultati ottenuti confermano l’analisi RNA come uno strumento essenziale per il futuro della medicina di precisione e della diagnostica genetica.
Il sequenziamento dell'RNA in diagnostica clinica: opportunità e sfide
SCHIAVI, FRANCESCA
2022/2023
Abstract
Molecular diagnosis of hereditary cancer allows for the identification of individuals with a genetic predisposition by pinpointing the causative genetic defect. However, DNA sequencing alone has significant limitations in detecting and classifying variants that disrupt mRNA splicing. In recent years, RNA analysis has emerged as a promising technology capable of overcoming these limitations, enabling the detection of aberrant transcripts and providing crucial evidence for the interpretation of genetic variants. This thesis highlights the advantages of RNA analysis and presents the results of a study that uses massive parallel sequencing of cDNA libraries enriched through capture, starting from peripheral blood. This technique enables the analysis of genes with low expression levels in this tissue while optimizing sequencing costs. Furthermore, the Nonsense-Mediated Decay (NMD) mechanism was examined using puromycin treatment, demonstrating how this pathway degrades unstable aberrant mRNAs, leading to reduced protein expression. The analysis of variants in genes associated with hereditary cancer predisposition has underscored the importance of this methodology in understanding mechanisms of aberrant splicing, which affect variant pathogenicity. This approach has proven critical for supporting variant classification and improving molecular diagnostics. The results confirm RNA analysis as an essential tool for the future of precision medicine and genetic diagnostics.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/81290