Official controls on food products represent a key point to ensure product safety for the final consumer. Nevertheless, despite the fact that the market is changing and e-commerce is increasingly taking hold in Italy, official controls still appear to be difficult to implement in this field. In the present study, it has been simulated the acquisition of food products anonymously, by means of the so-called mystery shopper, as indicated by Regulation (EU) n. 625/2017 (European Parliament and Council, 2017). The main scope of the work is to evaluate the compliance of food products purchased through e-commerce, both in terms of transport, microbiological conformity (according to Regulation (EC) n. 2073/2005 (Commissione Europea, 2005)) and labelling (according to Regulation (EU) n. 1169/2011 (European Parliament and Council, 2011)). Several products (261) have been purchased and taken to IZSVe laboratories to verify compliance with microbiological standards; it has been analyzed the presence of several microbiological hazards as Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter spp., Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli STEC, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, and coagulase-positive Staphylococci. Positivities to the hazards sought were limited, with 0.82% of products positive for Listeria monocytogenes and 3.73% presumptive positivity for E. coli STEC (based on molecular analysis). Notwithstanding, compliance of transport and labelling have been the most critical findings, with lack of mandatory indications for several food products (69.7%) and storage at improper temperatures during transport or transportation without the use of refrigerated trucks (64.4%). In these cases, the maintenance of the cold chain may not be respected, with possible promotion of bacterial growth and decay of the product in the case of perishable food products. Therefore, this study highlights the need to intensify official controls on this method of sale, with a focus on modality of transportation and conformity of product labelling.
I controlli ufficiali sui prodotti alimentari rappresentano un punto chiave per garantire la sicurezza del prodotto destinato al consumatore finale. Tuttavia, nonostante la recente evoluzione del mercato in Italia, a favore di un decisivo aumento della modalità di acquisto e-commerce, i controlli ufficiali risultano ancora difficili da implementare in questo campo. Nel presente studio è stato simulato l’acquisto di prodotti alimentari in maniera anonima, tramite il cosiddetto “mystery shopper”, come indicato dal Regolamento (UE) n. 625/2017 (European Parliament and Council, 2017). Lo scopo principale del lavoro è di valutare la conformità dei prodotti alimentari acquistati tramite modalità e-commerce, in particolare in termini di trasporto, di conformità microbiologica (secondo il Regolamento (CE) n. 2073/2005 (Commissione Europea, 2005)) e di etichettatura (secondo il Regolamento (UE) n. 1169/2011 (European Parliament and Council, 2011)). Sono stati acquistati e trasportati diversi prodotti (261) presso i laboratori IZSVe per verificarne la conformità agli standard microbiologici. È stata ricercata la presenza di diversi pericoli microbiologici, come Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter spp., Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli STEC, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, e stafilococchi coagulasi-positivi. Le positività ai pericoli ricercati sono state limitate, con 0.82% di prodotti positivi per Listeria monocytogenes e 3.73% di positività presuntiva per E. coli STEC (metodo basato su analisi molecolari). Tuttavia, la conformità dei prodotti alimentari al trasporto e all’etichettatura sono stati i punti più critici, con mancanza di indicazioni obbligatorie in etichettatura per diversi prodotti (69.7%) e conservazione a temperature non idonee durante il trasporto o trasporto senza l’utilizzo di veicoli refrigerati (64.4%). In questi casi, si può verificare un’interruzione della catena del freddo, con possibile crescita batterica e decadimento del prodotto (nel caso di prodotti alimentari deperibili). Pertanto, questo studio ha evidenziato la necessità di intensificare i controlli ufficiali su questa modalità di vendita, con un approfondimento sulla modalità di trasporto e sulla conformità dell’etichettatura del prodotto.
Mercato degli alimenti venduti tramite e-commerce: stato dell’arte sui controlli ufficiali e conformità dei prodotti alimentari
CENTO, GIULIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Official controls on food products represent a key point to ensure product safety for the final consumer. Nevertheless, despite the fact that the market is changing and e-commerce is increasingly taking hold in Italy, official controls still appear to be difficult to implement in this field. In the present study, it has been simulated the acquisition of food products anonymously, by means of the so-called mystery shopper, as indicated by Regulation (EU) n. 625/2017 (European Parliament and Council, 2017). The main scope of the work is to evaluate the compliance of food products purchased through e-commerce, both in terms of transport, microbiological conformity (according to Regulation (EC) n. 2073/2005 (Commissione Europea, 2005)) and labelling (according to Regulation (EU) n. 1169/2011 (European Parliament and Council, 2011)). Several products (261) have been purchased and taken to IZSVe laboratories to verify compliance with microbiological standards; it has been analyzed the presence of several microbiological hazards as Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter spp., Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli STEC, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, and coagulase-positive Staphylococci. Positivities to the hazards sought were limited, with 0.82% of products positive for Listeria monocytogenes and 3.73% presumptive positivity for E. coli STEC (based on molecular analysis). Notwithstanding, compliance of transport and labelling have been the most critical findings, with lack of mandatory indications for several food products (69.7%) and storage at improper temperatures during transport or transportation without the use of refrigerated trucks (64.4%). In these cases, the maintenance of the cold chain may not be respected, with possible promotion of bacterial growth and decay of the product in the case of perishable food products. Therefore, this study highlights the need to intensify official controls on this method of sale, with a focus on modality of transportation and conformity of product labelling.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/81390