Patients with Klinefelter Syndrome (KS) present different clinical features, including cardiovascular and dysmetabolic conditions. Cardiometabolic indices, such as Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI), Triglyceride Glucose Index (TyG), Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) and Triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol Ratio (THR), are useful tools to assess morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and biochemical and cardiometabolic indices before and after 12 months of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). We performed a retrospective study evaluating, at baseline, 182 untreated patients with KS, of which 103 after 12 months, analyzing both patients who underwent TRT and who did not. Our cohort was 32±1 years old at first visit, with a BMI of 24.5±0.4 kg/m2 and waist circumference (WC) above normal range of value. We evaluated the four cardiometabolic risk indices VAI (2.24±0.52), TyG (4.4±0.3), LAP (26.59±5.69) and THR (1.6±0.3) in the whole sample. The prevalence of hypogonadism and dysmetabolic condition in men in the fourth quartiles of the indices was significatively higher, compared in men in the first quartiles (p < 0.05). We found that only LAP and TyG had a significant correlation in patients with reduced calculated free testosterone (cFT) concentrations. Finally, we found cut-offs values for these indices which were strongly predictive of reduced cFT (TyG > 4.38 and LAP > 25.6, respectively). Patients who underwent TRT, after the first visit, were more hypogonadic, older, with higher BMI and WC. At 12 months, we found significant differences in the two cohorts of patients, only regarding WC and TyG. Surprisingly, we reported that patients undergoing TRT had, after 12 months, worse anthropometrical parameters, without significant difference regarding cardiometabolic indices, and we further delved into this result. This is the first retrospective study evaluating the cardiometabolic indices, before and after TRT, in patients with KS and their correlation with other parameters, which might be useful for a multidisciplinary approach.
Cardiometabolic evaluation in a cohort of patients with Klinefelter Syndrome before and after testosterone replacement therapy
GRAZIANI, ANDREA
2022/2023
Abstract
Patients with Klinefelter Syndrome (KS) present different clinical features, including cardiovascular and dysmetabolic conditions. Cardiometabolic indices, such as Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI), Triglyceride Glucose Index (TyG), Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) and Triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol Ratio (THR), are useful tools to assess morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and biochemical and cardiometabolic indices before and after 12 months of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). We performed a retrospective study evaluating, at baseline, 182 untreated patients with KS, of which 103 after 12 months, analyzing both patients who underwent TRT and who did not. Our cohort was 32±1 years old at first visit, with a BMI of 24.5±0.4 kg/m2 and waist circumference (WC) above normal range of value. We evaluated the four cardiometabolic risk indices VAI (2.24±0.52), TyG (4.4±0.3), LAP (26.59±5.69) and THR (1.6±0.3) in the whole sample. The prevalence of hypogonadism and dysmetabolic condition in men in the fourth quartiles of the indices was significatively higher, compared in men in the first quartiles (p < 0.05). We found that only LAP and TyG had a significant correlation in patients with reduced calculated free testosterone (cFT) concentrations. Finally, we found cut-offs values for these indices which were strongly predictive of reduced cFT (TyG > 4.38 and LAP > 25.6, respectively). Patients who underwent TRT, after the first visit, were more hypogonadic, older, with higher BMI and WC. At 12 months, we found significant differences in the two cohorts of patients, only regarding WC and TyG. Surprisingly, we reported that patients undergoing TRT had, after 12 months, worse anthropometrical parameters, without significant difference regarding cardiometabolic indices, and we further delved into this result. This is the first retrospective study evaluating the cardiometabolic indices, before and after TRT, in patients with KS and their correlation with other parameters, which might be useful for a multidisciplinary approach.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Graziani_Andrea.pdf
accesso riservato
Dimensione
1.09 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.09 MB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/81451