Background: Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), albeit both alpha-synucleinopathies, have very different prognostic implications; therefore a correct differential diagnosis is crucial, especially in the early phase of the disease. The possibility of a clinical response to levodopa in a subgroup of MSA patients and the high prevalence of autonomic symptoms in PD, often observed in early phases of the disease, contribute to make the diagnostic process more challenging and emphasize the importance of identifying reliable biomarkers that could help the diagnosis. To distinguish between these two pathologies is fundamental in order not only to improve the management of each patient’s symptoms, but also to enable the access to clinical trials for emergent disease-specific therapies. Aim of the study: to identify possible biomarkers of autonomic dysfunction supporting the differential diagnosis between MSA and PD complicated by dysautonomia (PD+Dys), by achieving a thorough clinical, cognitive and biological characterization using quantitative parameters based on standardized protocols. Results: urinary complaints were reported in all MSA patients and in 70,5% of PD+Dys patients. The bladder domain of the COMPASS 31 scale is the only one showing a significant difference between the two groups (p 0.0001), with worse performances in MSA patients, and the ultrasound bladder evaluation demonstrate higher values of post-void residual (PVR) in MSA compared to PD+Dys (p 0.0137). No quantitative parameter obtained by instrumental assessments of cardiovascular dysautonomia alone showed reliable discriminatory capacity between MSA and PD+Dys. In both MSA and PD+Dys groups, an abnormal blood pressure profile with loss of the nocturnal physiological pressure dip was a frequent finding (90% in PD+Dys; 68,7% in MSA). A direct correlation was observed between scores in the COMPASS 31 OH (Orthostatic Hypotension) domain and systolic and diastolic BP values after maintaining the supine position for 10 minutes at tilt test, highlighting the importance of diagnosing supine hypertension in the context of dysautonomia in these patients. Symptoms of OH are associated with a tendency to perform worse at neuropsychological examinations (MMSE, MoCA). 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy showed results consistent with the most frequent findings based on the clinical diagnosis in 66,7% PD+Dys and 61,5% MSA, with previous studies describing a reduced myocardial MIBG uptake up to 30% of MSA. Hypometabolism of the basal ganglia and cerebellum in FDG PET studies was highly suggestive of MSA (p 0.0286). Cutaneous alpha-synuclein detection on skin biopsies proved to be a sensitive test for both PD+Dys (100%) and MSA (80%), whereas no significant distinction between the two groups was found regarding its distribution pattern, as well as plasma biomarkers’ levels (NfL, GFAP, pTau-181). Conclusions: a specific biomarker for the differential diagnosis between PD e MSA is an unmet need, but it is still far from reach. Given the clinical consequences that result from a MSA diagnosis, we strongly suggest to rely on multiple biomarkers to strengthen the clinical impression, taking into account especially the urinary complaints with the calculation of PVR, imaging studies including brain 18F-FDG PET and skin biopsy. Dysautonomia has a great impact not only in MSA, but also in PD patients; employing instrumental evaluations of autonomic functions allows to obtain quantitative parameters of severity regarding symptoms that are often difficult to evaluate clinically, but that considerably affect the quality of life of the patients.
Introduzione: L’atrofia multisistemica (MSA) e la malattia di Parkinson (PD), sebbene entrambe alfa-sinucleinopatie, presentano implicazioni prognostiche molto differenti, che rendono necessaria una diagnosi corretta già nelle prime fasi di malattia. La possibilità di risposta clinica alla levodopa nella MSA e l’elevata frequenza di riscontro di sintomi autonomici nel PD, spesso presenti anche all’esordio dei disturbi motori, rendono difficile questo processo e sottolineano la rilevanza clinica dell’individuazione di biomarcatori affidabili che possano orientare la diagnosi. Distinguere le due condizioni patologiche è fondamentale non solo per garantire una migliore gestione dei sintomi del paziente, ma anche per permettere l’accesso ai trial clinici per le terapie emergenti, che sono malattia-specifiche. Scopo dello studio: valutare l’efficacia di impiego di biomarcatori di disautonomia nella diagnosi differenziale tra MSA e PD complicato da sintomi autonomici (PD+Dys), attraverso la caratterizzazione clinica, cognitiva e biologica dei due gruppi e l’utilizzo di parametri quantitativi alle valutazioni strumentali. Risultati: tutti i soggetti del gruppo MSA e il 70,5% dei PD+Dys hanno riferito disturbi urinari. Il dominio genitourinario è il solo della scala COMPASS 31 dove è emersa una differenza significativa nei punteggi tra i due gruppi (p 0.0001), con punteggi più elevati nella MSA, e la valutazione ecografica del residuo post minzionale (RPM) ha documentato valori maggiori nella MSA rispetto al gruppo PD+Dys (p 0.0137). Le valutazioni strumentali di disautonomia cardiovascolare non hanno permesso di evidenziare un singolo parametro quantitativo che permetta una distinzione del quadro disautonomico di MSA e PD. In entrambi i gruppi è stata descritta frequente perdita del fisiologico dipping pressorio notturno (90% in PD+Dys e 68,7% in MSA) ed è emersa una correlazione diretta tra il punteggio al dominio OH della scala COMPASS 31 e i valori di pressione sistolica e diastolica in clinostatismo prolungato al tilt test, indice dell’importanza dell’ipertensione supina nel contesto della disautonomia in questi pazienti. La presenza di sintomi da ipotensione ortostatica si associa a performance tendenzialmente peggiori ai test cognitivi (MMSE, MoCA), sebbene il dato non abbia raggiunto significatività statistica. La scintigrafia miocardica con 123I-MIBG ha riportato esiti in linea a quelli di più frequente riscontro sulla base della diagnosi clinica nel 66,7% dei PD+Dys e 61,5% delle MSA, con studi precedenti che hanno documentato ipocaptazione cardiaca alla MIBG fino al 30% dei casi di MSA. Il riscontro allo studio FDG-PET cerebrale di ipometabolismo prevalente a carico delle strutture profonde o cerebellari si è dimostrato essere fortemente suggestivo di MSA (p 0.0286). La positività per alfa-sinucleina su biopsie di cute ha riportato elevata sensibilità sia per PD+Dys (100%) sia per MSA (80%), mentre non sono state riscontrate differenze di rilievo relative al suo pattern di localizzazione cutanea, così come nella comparazione dei livelli plasmatici di NfL, GFAP e pTau-181. Conclusioni: la disponibilità di un biomarcatore assoluto per la diagnosi differenziale di MSA e PD risulta ancora un obiettivo lontano da raggiungere. Alla luce dell’importante ricaduta clinica della diagnosi di MSA, consigliamo il ricorso a una combinazione di più biomarcatori a supporto del sospetto clinico, considerando in particolare l’approfondimento dei disturbi urinari con la valutazione del RPM, le metodiche di imaging incluso lo studio di FDG-PET cerebrale e la biopsia di cute. La disautonomia ha dimostrato grande impatto non solo in pazienti con MSA, ma anche nel PD; l’utilizzo di indagini strumentali permette di ottenere parametri quantitativi di severità rispetto a sintomi che spesso sono di difficile valutazione clinica, ma che influiscono notevolmente sulla qualità di vita dei pazienti.
Marcatori di disautonomia in pazienti con Malattia di Parkinson e Atrofia Multisistemica
CARRER, TOMMASO
2022/2023
Abstract
Background: Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), albeit both alpha-synucleinopathies, have very different prognostic implications; therefore a correct differential diagnosis is crucial, especially in the early phase of the disease. The possibility of a clinical response to levodopa in a subgroup of MSA patients and the high prevalence of autonomic symptoms in PD, often observed in early phases of the disease, contribute to make the diagnostic process more challenging and emphasize the importance of identifying reliable biomarkers that could help the diagnosis. To distinguish between these two pathologies is fundamental in order not only to improve the management of each patient’s symptoms, but also to enable the access to clinical trials for emergent disease-specific therapies. Aim of the study: to identify possible biomarkers of autonomic dysfunction supporting the differential diagnosis between MSA and PD complicated by dysautonomia (PD+Dys), by achieving a thorough clinical, cognitive and biological characterization using quantitative parameters based on standardized protocols. Results: urinary complaints were reported in all MSA patients and in 70,5% of PD+Dys patients. The bladder domain of the COMPASS 31 scale is the only one showing a significant difference between the two groups (p 0.0001), with worse performances in MSA patients, and the ultrasound bladder evaluation demonstrate higher values of post-void residual (PVR) in MSA compared to PD+Dys (p 0.0137). No quantitative parameter obtained by instrumental assessments of cardiovascular dysautonomia alone showed reliable discriminatory capacity between MSA and PD+Dys. In both MSA and PD+Dys groups, an abnormal blood pressure profile with loss of the nocturnal physiological pressure dip was a frequent finding (90% in PD+Dys; 68,7% in MSA). A direct correlation was observed between scores in the COMPASS 31 OH (Orthostatic Hypotension) domain and systolic and diastolic BP values after maintaining the supine position for 10 minutes at tilt test, highlighting the importance of diagnosing supine hypertension in the context of dysautonomia in these patients. Symptoms of OH are associated with a tendency to perform worse at neuropsychological examinations (MMSE, MoCA). 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy showed results consistent with the most frequent findings based on the clinical diagnosis in 66,7% PD+Dys and 61,5% MSA, with previous studies describing a reduced myocardial MIBG uptake up to 30% of MSA. Hypometabolism of the basal ganglia and cerebellum in FDG PET studies was highly suggestive of MSA (p 0.0286). Cutaneous alpha-synuclein detection on skin biopsies proved to be a sensitive test for both PD+Dys (100%) and MSA (80%), whereas no significant distinction between the two groups was found regarding its distribution pattern, as well as plasma biomarkers’ levels (NfL, GFAP, pTau-181). Conclusions: a specific biomarker for the differential diagnosis between PD e MSA is an unmet need, but it is still far from reach. Given the clinical consequences that result from a MSA diagnosis, we strongly suggest to rely on multiple biomarkers to strengthen the clinical impression, taking into account especially the urinary complaints with the calculation of PVR, imaging studies including brain 18F-FDG PET and skin biopsy. Dysautonomia has a great impact not only in MSA, but also in PD patients; employing instrumental evaluations of autonomic functions allows to obtain quantitative parameters of severity regarding symptoms that are often difficult to evaluate clinically, but that considerably affect the quality of life of the patients.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Carrer_Tommaso.pdf
accesso riservato
Dimensione
1.01 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.01 MB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/81514