Cataract surgery is one of the most common surgical procedures worldwide and represents a primary solution for treating vision loss associated with lens opacification. Among the most delicate phases of this procedure, capsulorhexis plays a crucial role in ensuring surgical success. Capsulorhexis involves creating an opening in the anterior capsule of the lens, a necessary step to allow subsequent fragmentation and aspiration of the cataractous nucleus, followed by the implantation of an intraocular lens. The quality of the capsulorhexis is essential for lens stability and for minimizing the risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications. Despite technological advancements and the introduction of advanced techniques, such as femtosecond laser-assisted capsulorhexis, the procedure is still predominantly performed using manual instruments, requiring high precision and skill from the surgeon. The currently available instruments, such as forceps and needles, have limitations in terms of control and reproducibility, contributing to a margin of error that can compromise surgical outcomes. This thesis focuses on the design and development of an innovative instrument for capsulorhexis, aimed at overcoming the limitations of existing tools. The novel device, currently in the prototyping phase, has been conceived to offer enhanced precision, stability, and ease of use, thereby reducing the risk of technical errors. In the initial part of the thesis, a detailed analysis of the clinical and technological context of cataract surgery is presented, with particular attention to the relevance of continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and the current challenges in its execution. The text outlines the phases of the design process for the new instrument, including material selection, technical configuration, and operational mechanisms. The development of the instrument followed an iterative process, with preliminary tests conducted on ex vivo models to evaluate the design’s efficacy and safety. The thesis discusses the results obtained and the advantages of the device compared to traditional instruments, with particular reference to increased precision, reduced operative times, and overall improvement in postoperative outcomes. Additionally, it provides an overview of the clinical implications and future perspectives of the device, including potential technological improvements and its possible applications in clinical practice. The new capsulorhexis instrument represents a promising innovation in the field of cataract surgery, with the objective of improving surgical outcomes and reducing complications associated with this critical phase of the procedure.
La chirurgia della cataratta è uno degli interventi più comuni al mondo e rappresenta una delle principali soluzioni per il trattamento della perdita visiva associata all’opacizzazione del cristallino. Tra le fasi più delicate di questa procedura, la capsuloressi riveste un ruolo cruciale per garantire il successo dell’intervento. Si tratta della creazione di un'apertura nella capsula anteriore del cristallino, necessaria per consentire la successiva frammentazione ed aspirazione del nucleo catarattoso ed un successivo impianto di una lente intraoculare. La qualità della capsuloressi è fondamentale per la stabilità della lente e per minimizzare il rischio di complicanze intra e post-operatorie. Nonostante i progressi tecnologici e l’introduzione di tecniche avanzate, come l'utilizzo del laser a femtosecondi, la capsuloressi viene ancora oggi eseguita prevalentemente con strumenti manuali che richiedono elevata precisione e abilità da parte del chirurgo. Gli strumenti attualmente utilizzati, come pinze e aghi, presentano limiti in termini di controllo e riproducibilità, contribuendo a un margine di errore che può compromettere i risultati chirurgici. Questo lavoro di tesi si concentra sulla progettazione e lo sviluppo di uno strumento innovativo per la capsuloressi, progettato per superare le limitazioni degli strumenti esistenti. Il nuovo dispositivo, ancora in fase di prototipazione, è stato concepito per offrire una maggiore precisione, stabilità e facilità d'uso, riducendo così il rischio di errori tecnici. Nella prima parte della tesi, viene presentato un approfondimento sul contesto clinico e tecnologico della chirurgia della cataratta, con particolare attenzione alla rilevanza della capsuloressi continua e alle sfide attuali nella sua esecuzione. Nel testo vengono illustrate le fasi del processo di progettazione del nuovo strumento, inclusa la scelta dei materiali, la configurazione tecnica e i meccanismi di funzionamento. Lo sviluppo dello strumento ha seguito un processo iterativo, con test preliminari condotti su modelli ex vivo per valutare l’efficacia e la sicurezza del design. La tesi discute i risultati ottenuti e vantaggi del dispositivo rispetto agli strumenti tradizionali, con particolare riferimento all’aumento della precisione, alla riduzione dei tempi operatori e al miglioramento complessivo dei risultati post-operatori. Viene inoltre fornita una panoramica delle implicazioni cliniche e delle prospettive future del dispositivo, inclusi i potenziali miglioramenti tecnologici e le possibili applicazioni nella pratica clinica. Il nuovo strumento per la capsuloressi rappresenta un'innovazione promettente nel campo della chirurgia della cataratta, con l’obiettivo di migliorare i risultati chirurgici e ridurre le complicanze legate a questa delicata fase dell’intervento.
CAPSULORESSI ASSISTITA ED INNOVAZIONE TECNOLOGICA NELLA CHIRURGIA DELLA CATARATTA: PROGETTAZIONE E SVILUPPO DI UN NUOVO STRUMENTO CHIRURGICO
OCCHIUTO, MATTEO
2022/2023
Abstract
Cataract surgery is one of the most common surgical procedures worldwide and represents a primary solution for treating vision loss associated with lens opacification. Among the most delicate phases of this procedure, capsulorhexis plays a crucial role in ensuring surgical success. Capsulorhexis involves creating an opening in the anterior capsule of the lens, a necessary step to allow subsequent fragmentation and aspiration of the cataractous nucleus, followed by the implantation of an intraocular lens. The quality of the capsulorhexis is essential for lens stability and for minimizing the risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications. Despite technological advancements and the introduction of advanced techniques, such as femtosecond laser-assisted capsulorhexis, the procedure is still predominantly performed using manual instruments, requiring high precision and skill from the surgeon. The currently available instruments, such as forceps and needles, have limitations in terms of control and reproducibility, contributing to a margin of error that can compromise surgical outcomes. This thesis focuses on the design and development of an innovative instrument for capsulorhexis, aimed at overcoming the limitations of existing tools. The novel device, currently in the prototyping phase, has been conceived to offer enhanced precision, stability, and ease of use, thereby reducing the risk of technical errors. In the initial part of the thesis, a detailed analysis of the clinical and technological context of cataract surgery is presented, with particular attention to the relevance of continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and the current challenges in its execution. The text outlines the phases of the design process for the new instrument, including material selection, technical configuration, and operational mechanisms. The development of the instrument followed an iterative process, with preliminary tests conducted on ex vivo models to evaluate the design’s efficacy and safety. The thesis discusses the results obtained and the advantages of the device compared to traditional instruments, with particular reference to increased precision, reduced operative times, and overall improvement in postoperative outcomes. Additionally, it provides an overview of the clinical implications and future perspectives of the device, including potential technological improvements and its possible applications in clinical practice. The new capsulorhexis instrument represents a promising innovation in the field of cataract surgery, with the objective of improving surgical outcomes and reducing complications associated with this critical phase of the procedure.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi di Specializzazione in Oftalmologia - Occhiuto.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/81563