Background The discontinuation of glucocorticoids (GCs) during remission is becoming a crucial issue in the management of systemic lupus erythematosus. Indeed, it is unclear whether withdrawing GCs results in an increased risk of relapse, and data on this issue are conflicting. The aim of our work is to assess the risk of flare upon discontinuation of GCs in patients in remission, to compare the risk between those who maintain and those who discontinue such therapy and the presence of any predictors of flare in those who have discontinued glucocorticoids. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of data collected during follow-up of SLE patients (according to EULAR/ACR and ACR criteria) diagnosed between 1990 and 2023 was performed. Remission was defined as SLEDAI-2K=0 with prednisone ≤5 mg/day and unchanged immunosuppressive and/or antimalarial therapy, while flare as any increase in clinical SLEDAI-2K>0 or the need for modification of SLE medications. Patients who discontinued GCs (off-GC) during remission were compared with patients who maintained them (on-GC, i.e. ≤5 mg/day). Flare-free remission and its predictors in off-GC patients were assessed by Kaplan Meier curve and Cox regression, respectively. Results 484 patients achieved remission at least once during follow-up (last available remission was considered). During remission, 360 patients (74.4%) discontinued GCs, while 124 (25.6%) continued. Demographic and clinical features were similar between groups. During a mean remission of 87 (±76) months, 85 flares occurred, including 48 in off-GC patients (0.13 flares/patient) and 37 in on-GC patients (0.29 flares/patient) (p<0.01), with an annual flare rate of 1.65 and 8.5 flare/100 patients/year in off- and on-GC patients, respectively (p<0.001). In patients in durable remission (i.e., more than 2 consecutive years) at the time of GC discontinuation/continuation, the annual flare rates were 1.36 among off-GC patients and 5.9 among on-GC patients. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed non-inferior flare-free remission in off-GC patients compared to those on GC therapy (p=0.002). Higher complement levels (HR 0.029, 95%IC 0.006-0.140, p<0.001) and longer disease duration (HR 0.943, 95%IC 0.892-0.998, p=0.05) were positive predictors of flare-free remission, whereas anti-U1RNP positivity (HR 1. 973, 95%CI 0.998-3.940, p=0.054) and thrombocytopenia (HR 2.446, 95%IC 1.106-5.410, p=0.027) were associated with an increased risk of relapse. Conclusions According to our data, in patients with SLE, GC withdrawal during clinical remission is safe and does not appear to significantly increase the risk of flares compared to maintaining a low dose of GCs.
Background L'interruzione dei glucocorticoidi (GC) durante la remissione sta diventando una problematica cruciale nella gestione del lupus eritematoso sistemico. Infatti, non è chiaro se la sospensione dei GC comporti un aumento del rischio di riacutizzazione e i dati in merito sono contrastanti. Lo scopo del nostro lavoro è quello di valutare il rischio di riacutizzazione alla sospensione dei GC nei pazienti in remissione, di confrontare il rischio tra coloro che mantengono e coloro che interrompono tale terapia e la presenza di eventuali predittori di riacutizzazione in coloro che hanno interrotto i GC. Materiali e metodi È stata effettuata un’analisi retrospettiva dei dati raccolti durante il follow-up di pazienti affetti da LES (secondo i criteri EULAR/ACR e ACR), con diagnosi tra il 1990 e il 2023. La remissione è stata definita come SLEDAI-2K=0 con prednisone ≤5 mg/die e invariata terapia immunosoppressiva e/o antimalarica, mentre il flare come qualsiasi aumento dello SLEDAI-2K clinico>0 o la necessità di modifica dei farmaci per il LES. I pazienti che hanno interrotto i GC (off-GC) durante la remissione sono stati confrontati con i pazienti che li hanno mantenuti (on-GC, i.e. ≤5 mg/die). La remissione libera da riacutizzazioni e i suoi predittori nei pazienti off-GC sono stati valutati rispettivamente tramite curva di Kaplan Meier e regressione di Cox. Risultati 484 pazienti hanno raggiunto la remissione almeno una volta durante il follow-up (è stata considerata l'ultima remissione disponibile). Durante la remissione, 360 pazienti (74,4%) hanno interrotto i GC, mentre 124 (25,6%) hanno continuato tale terapia. Le caratteristiche demografiche e cliniche erano simili tra i gruppi. Durante una remissione media di 87 (±76) mesi, si sono verificate 85 riacutizzazioni, di cui 48 nei pazienti off-GC (0,13 riacutizzazioni/paziente) e 37 nei pazienti on-GC (0,29 riacutizzazioni/paziente) (p<0,01), con un tasso di riacutizzazione annuale di 1,65 e 8,5 riacutizzazioni/100 pazienti/anno nei pazienti off-GC e on-GC rispettivamente (p<0,001). Nei pazienti in remissione prolungata (cioè più di 2 anni consecutivi) al momento dell'interruzione/continuazione del GC, i tassi di flare annuali erano 1,36 tra i pazienti off-GC e 5,9 tra i pazienti on-GC. La curva di Kaplan-Meier ha mostrato una remissione libera da flare non inferiore nei pazienti non in terapia con GC rispetto a quelli in terapia (p=0,002). Livelli di complemento più elevati (HR 0,029, 95%IC 0,006-0,140, p<0,001) e durata della malattia più lunga (HR 0,943, 95%IC 0,892-0,998, p=0,05) sono stati predittori positivi di remissione libera da riacutizzazioni, mentre la positività agli anti-U1RNP (HR 1,973, 95%CI 0,998-3,940, p=0,054) e trombocitopenia (HR 2,446, 95%IC 1,106-5,410, p=0,027) sono state associate a un aumento del rischio di riacutizzazione. Conclusioni Secondo i nostri dati, nei pazienti con LES la sospensione dei GC durante la remissione clinica è sicura e non sembra aumentare significativamente il rischio di riacutizzazioni rispetto al mantenimento di una bassa dose di GC.
EVALUATION OF GLUCOCORTICOID WITHDRAWAL DURING REMISSION IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
VESENTINI, FILIPPO
2022/2023
Abstract
Background The discontinuation of glucocorticoids (GCs) during remission is becoming a crucial issue in the management of systemic lupus erythematosus. Indeed, it is unclear whether withdrawing GCs results in an increased risk of relapse, and data on this issue are conflicting. The aim of our work is to assess the risk of flare upon discontinuation of GCs in patients in remission, to compare the risk between those who maintain and those who discontinue such therapy and the presence of any predictors of flare in those who have discontinued glucocorticoids. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of data collected during follow-up of SLE patients (according to EULAR/ACR and ACR criteria) diagnosed between 1990 and 2023 was performed. Remission was defined as SLEDAI-2K=0 with prednisone ≤5 mg/day and unchanged immunosuppressive and/or antimalarial therapy, while flare as any increase in clinical SLEDAI-2K>0 or the need for modification of SLE medications. Patients who discontinued GCs (off-GC) during remission were compared with patients who maintained them (on-GC, i.e. ≤5 mg/day). Flare-free remission and its predictors in off-GC patients were assessed by Kaplan Meier curve and Cox regression, respectively. Results 484 patients achieved remission at least once during follow-up (last available remission was considered). During remission, 360 patients (74.4%) discontinued GCs, while 124 (25.6%) continued. Demographic and clinical features were similar between groups. During a mean remission of 87 (±76) months, 85 flares occurred, including 48 in off-GC patients (0.13 flares/patient) and 37 in on-GC patients (0.29 flares/patient) (p<0.01), with an annual flare rate of 1.65 and 8.5 flare/100 patients/year in off- and on-GC patients, respectively (p<0.001). In patients in durable remission (i.e., more than 2 consecutive years) at the time of GC discontinuation/continuation, the annual flare rates were 1.36 among off-GC patients and 5.9 among on-GC patients. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed non-inferior flare-free remission in off-GC patients compared to those on GC therapy (p=0.002). Higher complement levels (HR 0.029, 95%IC 0.006-0.140, p<0.001) and longer disease duration (HR 0.943, 95%IC 0.892-0.998, p=0.05) were positive predictors of flare-free remission, whereas anti-U1RNP positivity (HR 1. 973, 95%CI 0.998-3.940, p=0.054) and thrombocytopenia (HR 2.446, 95%IC 1.106-5.410, p=0.027) were associated with an increased risk of relapse. Conclusions According to our data, in patients with SLE, GC withdrawal during clinical remission is safe and does not appear to significantly increase the risk of flares compared to maintaining a low dose of GCs.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
EVALUATION OF GLUCOCORTICOID WITHDRAWAL DURING REMISSION IN SLE - FV.pdf
accesso riservato
Dimensione
2.32 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
2.32 MB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/81634