BACKGROUNG: Long term care facilities (LTCFs) residents were severely affected by COVID-19, in particular in Italy, with high mortality rates. Priority for vaccination was given to this vulnerable population with significant reduction in both the occurrence of cases and related deaths, however the immunological response to vaccination and its duration among frail individual remains still questionable. This study aims to assess antibody response to COVID-19 vaccinations and infections and its trajectories among LTCFs residents through serum samples collected at three time points, and to investigate clinical factors related to humoral response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 100 partecipants living in RSA AltaVita IRA (Padova) were recruited for the study, and information regarding their clinical and functional status were collected at baseline. IgG antibodies targeted towards the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 were measured at three time points (t0, t1 after three months and t2 after six months). Statistical analysis was performed using correlation analysis and linear regression models to identify independent predictors of the humoral response. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 100 individuals with a mean age of 83.9 years, predominantly women (73%). A total of 55% of the sample received a booster dose of the vaccine after August 2023. Antibody titers were highest at baseline and showed a significant decline at three and six months, although they remained elevated. The only significant predictors of baseline antibody titers were recent vaccination and the presence of obesity, both associated with higher antibody levels. No significant associations were found with age, comorbidities, frailty, or cognitive decline. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight a high heterogeneity in the humoral response and emphasize the importance of booster doses, particularly in vulnerable populations at higher risk of severe disease and complications. Further research is needed to better understand the factors influencing immune response to vaccination and infection, with the aim of developing targeted preventive strategies.
BACKGROUND: Gli ospiti delle residenze sanitarie assistenziali (RSA) sono stati particolarmente colpiti dal COVID-19, specialmente in Italia, registrando elevati tassi di infezioni e di mortalità. A questa popolazione più a rischio è stata data priorità nella campagna vaccinale, con conseguente riduzione significativa dell’incidenza dei casi e dei decessi correlati. Tuttavia, la durata e l’efficacia della risposta immunitaria nei soggetti anziani fragili restano ancora poco chiare. Questo studio si propone di monitorare la risposta anticorpale alla vaccinazione e alle infezioni da SARS-CoV-2 e di esplorare i fattori clinici ad essa associati. MATERIALI E METODI: Il campione in studio comprende 100 soggetti residenti presso la RSA AltaVita IRA (Padova), per i quali sono state raccolte informazioni sullo stato clinico e funzionale, oltre ai dati riguardanti la storia vaccinale e le precedenti infezioni da SARS-CoV-2. Il titolo anticorpale è stato monitorato per un periodo di sei mesi, mediante il dosaggio degli anticorpi IgG diretti contro la proteina Spike al t0, dopo tre mesi (t1) e dopo sei mesi (t2). L’analisi statistica è stata condotta mediante analisi di correlazione e modelli di regressione lineare per identificare i possibili predittori indipendenti della risposta umorale. RISULTATI: La popolazione dello studio era composta da 100 individui con un’età media di 83,9 anni, prevalentemente donne (73%). Il 55% del campione ha ricevuto la dose di richiamo vaccinale dopo agosto 2023. I titoli anticorpali erano più elevati al baseline, mostrando un graduale declino dopo tre e sei mesi. Gli unici predittori significativi dei titoli anticorpali iniziali sono risultati essere la vaccinazione recente e la presenza di obesità (R²=0,22; p-value rispettivamente pari a 0,045 e 0,015), entrambi associati a livelli anticorpali più alti. Non sono emerse associazioni significative con età, comorbidità, fragilità o declino cognitivo. CONCLUSIONI: I nostri risultati evidenziano un’elevata eterogeneità nella risposta umorale e confermano l’importanza delle dosi booster, in particolare per le popolazioni vulnerabili a maggior rischio di malattia grave e complicanze. Sono necessarie ulteriori ricerche per comprendere meglio i fattori che influenzano la risposta immunitaria alla vaccinazione e all’infezione, con l’obiettivo di sviluppare strategie preventive mirate ed efficaci.
Valutazione della risposta immunitaria anti SARS-CoV-2 in soggetti anziani istituzionalizzati
TINAZZO, MARTA
2022/2023
Abstract
BACKGROUNG: Long term care facilities (LTCFs) residents were severely affected by COVID-19, in particular in Italy, with high mortality rates. Priority for vaccination was given to this vulnerable population with significant reduction in both the occurrence of cases and related deaths, however the immunological response to vaccination and its duration among frail individual remains still questionable. This study aims to assess antibody response to COVID-19 vaccinations and infections and its trajectories among LTCFs residents through serum samples collected at three time points, and to investigate clinical factors related to humoral response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 100 partecipants living in RSA AltaVita IRA (Padova) were recruited for the study, and information regarding their clinical and functional status were collected at baseline. IgG antibodies targeted towards the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 were measured at three time points (t0, t1 after three months and t2 after six months). Statistical analysis was performed using correlation analysis and linear regression models to identify independent predictors of the humoral response. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 100 individuals with a mean age of 83.9 years, predominantly women (73%). A total of 55% of the sample received a booster dose of the vaccine after August 2023. Antibody titers were highest at baseline and showed a significant decline at three and six months, although they remained elevated. The only significant predictors of baseline antibody titers were recent vaccination and the presence of obesity, both associated with higher antibody levels. No significant associations were found with age, comorbidities, frailty, or cognitive decline. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight a high heterogeneity in the humoral response and emphasize the importance of booster doses, particularly in vulnerable populations at higher risk of severe disease and complications. Further research is needed to better understand the factors influencing immune response to vaccination and infection, with the aim of developing targeted preventive strategies.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Tinazzo_Marta.pdf
accesso riservato
Dimensione
866.5 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
866.5 kB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/81696