Climate change demands greater attention to resource use, particularly water. It is fundamental for ensuring the vegetative development of crops; in fact, its importance is such that the water used worldwide for irrigation is about 2700 km3, which constitutes the majority of the total water withdrawn annually for all human activities. In Italy too, irrigation withdrawals are experiencing the effects of climate change, especially due to rising temperatures that lead to increased water demands from crops. This thesis analyses the management and effectiveness of a micro-irrigation system with drip tape on rice cultivation in a farm located in the province of Verona. An experiment was conducted to compare, through various indices, the effectiveness of drip irrigation versus the traditional flooding method. Meteorological data were obtained thanks to a weather station specifically installed near the plot. The trial took place from May to September 2024 on two plots located in the municipality of Bovolone (VR), characterized by a sandy-loam soil with no gravel. The plot with drip irrigation was divided into three theses to verify the response of the crop to different flow rates. The main surveys carried out in the field on both plots were: distribution uniformity (only for the plot with the drip system), plant sampling to obtain the biomass index both in the stem elongation phase and in the milk stage, weed sampling, the number of kernels per spike, and the thousand-seed weight. The comparison between the theses highlighted the difficulties that still exist in weed management without flooding, as well as yield decreases, although drip irrigation has shown to be able to control water inputs very well. Further trials are necessary to better control weed development, which certainly has a negative effect on rice yields.
I cambiamenti climatici impongono una maggior attenzione nell’uso delle risorse, e in particolar modo l’acqua. Essa è fondamentale per garantire lo sviluppo vegetativo delle colture; infatti, la sua importanza è tale che l’acqua utilizzata nel mondo per l’irrigazione è circa 2700 km3, che costituisce la maggior parte del totale di acqua prelevata annualmente per tutte le attività umane. Anche in Italia i prelievi irrigui stanno subendo gli effetti del cambiamento climatico, soprattutto per l’aumento delle temperature che comporta un aumento delle richieste idriche da parte delle colture. Questa tesi analizza la gestione e l’efficacia di un sistema irriguo a micro-irrigazione con manichetta su coltura di riso in un’azienda localizzata nella provincia di Verona. Una sperimentazione è stata condotta per confrontare attraverso vari indici, l’efficacia dell’irrigazione a goccia rispetto il metodo tradizionale a sommersione. I dati metereologici sono stati ricavati grazie ad una stazione meteo appositamente installata in prossimità dell’appezzamento. La prova si è svolta da maggio a settembre 2024 su due appezzamenti situati nel comune di Bovolone (VR), caratterizzati da un suolo sabbioso-limoso con scheletro assente. L’appezzamento interessato dall’irrigazione a goccia è stato suddiviso in tre tesi per verificare la riposta della coltura a differenti portate. I principali rilievi eseguiti in campo su entrambi gli appezzamenti sono stati: l’uniformità di distribuzione (solo per l’appezzamento con l’impianto a goccia), il campionamento di piante per ricavare l’indice di biomassa sia in fase di levata che in fase di maturazione lattea, il campionamento delle infestanti, il numero di cariossidi per spiga e il peso di mille semi. Il confronto tra le tesi ha evidenziato le difficoltà che ancora vi sono nella gestione delle infestanti senza la sommersione così come dei cali di resa anche se la goccia ha dimostrato di poter controllare molto bene gli apporti idrici. Ulteriori prove sono necessarie per controllare maggiormente lo sviluppo delle infestanti che sicuramente hanno un effetto negativo sulle rese del riso.
Analisi sulla sostenibilità delle pratiche di irrigazione a goccia su riso varietà Vialone nano nella Provincia di Verona
BORGHESANI, STEFANO
2024/2025
Abstract
Climate change demands greater attention to resource use, particularly water. It is fundamental for ensuring the vegetative development of crops; in fact, its importance is such that the water used worldwide for irrigation is about 2700 km3, which constitutes the majority of the total water withdrawn annually for all human activities. In Italy too, irrigation withdrawals are experiencing the effects of climate change, especially due to rising temperatures that lead to increased water demands from crops. This thesis analyses the management and effectiveness of a micro-irrigation system with drip tape on rice cultivation in a farm located in the province of Verona. An experiment was conducted to compare, through various indices, the effectiveness of drip irrigation versus the traditional flooding method. Meteorological data were obtained thanks to a weather station specifically installed near the plot. The trial took place from May to September 2024 on two plots located in the municipality of Bovolone (VR), characterized by a sandy-loam soil with no gravel. The plot with drip irrigation was divided into three theses to verify the response of the crop to different flow rates. The main surveys carried out in the field on both plots were: distribution uniformity (only for the plot with the drip system), plant sampling to obtain the biomass index both in the stem elongation phase and in the milk stage, weed sampling, the number of kernels per spike, and the thousand-seed weight. The comparison between the theses highlighted the difficulties that still exist in weed management without flooding, as well as yield decreases, although drip irrigation has shown to be able to control water inputs very well. Further trials are necessary to better control weed development, which certainly has a negative effect on rice yields.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/82134