Climate change, primarily caused by human activities, is leading to global warming, with significant impacts on various components of the climate system, including the biosphere. Among the most evident consequences is the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme climate events, such as droughts. The rise in drought events observed in the Alps in recent decades —exacerbated by climate warming, which in this region is progressing at nearly twice the global average— calls for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying tree resilience in alpine forests. This study combined classical dendrochronology with measurements of wood anatomical traits, to investigate the inter- and intra-annual climate sensitivity between 1920 and 2022, and the short-term responses to drought events in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in the Venosta Valley, one of the driest regions in the Italian Alps. Results highlighted a positive effect of precipitation and the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI) during the growing season on radial growth, while temperature was not found to be a limiting factor. Earlywood cell dimensions were positively correlated with humid conditions of the previous winter, indicating improved soil water reserves at the onset of cambial activity. Cell wall area (CWA) was positively influenced by the current year's water conditions and negatively by those of the previous year. The significance of the responses has been delayed in recent decades, suggesting a possible extension of the growing season and an increasing role of late summer precipitation. Drought events (2003 and 2018) had negative effects, with recovery times varying between different anatomical traits. Considering the effects of ongoing climate change, this study provides important insights into the future dynamics of Picea abies. The continuous warming, together with the crucial role of water availability and the multi-year impacts of droughts, raises concerns about the future competitiveness of Norway spruce in the study area.
I cambiamenti climatici, principalmente causati dalle attività umane, stanno portando a un riscaldamento globale, con impatti significativi sulle diverse componenti del sistema climatico, tra cui la biosfera. Tra le conseguenze più evidenti vi è l’aumento della frequenza e dell’intensità di eventi meteorologici estremi, come la siccità. L’aumento degli eventi di siccità sperimentati nelle Alpi negli ultimi decenni, aggravati dal riscaldamento climatico che in questa regione avanza con un ritmo due volte più elevato rispetto alla media globale, richiede una comprensione più approfondita dei meccanismi alla base della resilienza delle specie arboree che caratterizzano le foreste alpine. Questo studio integra la dendrocronologia classica con misure di alcuni tratti anatomici dello xilema per indagare la sensitività climatica inter- e intra-annuale nel periodo 1920-2022 e le risposte a breve termine agli eventi di siccità dell'abete rosso (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in Val Venosta, una delle regioni più aride delle Alpi italiane. I risultati hanno evidenziato per l'accrescimento anulare (MRW) un effetto positivo delle precipitazioni e dell'indice standardizzato di precipitazione-evapotraspirazione (SPEI) durante la stagione vegetativa, mentre le temperature non sono emerse come un fattore limitante. Le dimensioni delle cellule del legno primaticcio sono risultate positivamente correlate alle condizioni di umidità dell’inverno precedente, suggerendo un miglioramento delle riserve idriche del suolo alla ripresa dell’attività cambiale. L’area delle pareti cellulari (CWA) è risultata positivamente influenzata dalle condizioni idriche dell’anno corrente e negativamente da quelle dell’anno precedente. Negli ultimi decenni, la significatività delle risposte sta traslando, suggerendo un prolungamento della stagione vegetativa e un ruolo crescente delle precipitazioni a fine estate. Gli eventi di siccità (2003 e 2018) hanno evidenziato effetti negativi, con tempi di recupero variabili tra i diversi tratti anatomici. Considerando gli effetti degli attuali cambiamenti climatici, questo studio ha fornito importanti considerazioni circa le future dinamiche della specie Picea abies. Il continuo riscaldamento associato alla contestuale rilevante importanza della disponibilità idrica, insieme agli impatti pluriennali dei fenomeni di siccità, solleva interrogativi circa la competitività dell’abete rosso nell’area nel prossimo futuro.
Sensitività climatica dei tratti anatomici dell'abete rosso (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in Val Venosta
RIZZATO, STEFANO
2024/2025
Abstract
Climate change, primarily caused by human activities, is leading to global warming, with significant impacts on various components of the climate system, including the biosphere. Among the most evident consequences is the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme climate events, such as droughts. The rise in drought events observed in the Alps in recent decades —exacerbated by climate warming, which in this region is progressing at nearly twice the global average— calls for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying tree resilience in alpine forests. This study combined classical dendrochronology with measurements of wood anatomical traits, to investigate the inter- and intra-annual climate sensitivity between 1920 and 2022, and the short-term responses to drought events in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in the Venosta Valley, one of the driest regions in the Italian Alps. Results highlighted a positive effect of precipitation and the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI) during the growing season on radial growth, while temperature was not found to be a limiting factor. Earlywood cell dimensions were positively correlated with humid conditions of the previous winter, indicating improved soil water reserves at the onset of cambial activity. Cell wall area (CWA) was positively influenced by the current year's water conditions and negatively by those of the previous year. The significance of the responses has been delayed in recent decades, suggesting a possible extension of the growing season and an increasing role of late summer precipitation. Drought events (2003 and 2018) had negative effects, with recovery times varying between different anatomical traits. Considering the effects of ongoing climate change, this study provides important insights into the future dynamics of Picea abies. The continuous warming, together with the crucial role of water availability and the multi-year impacts of droughts, raises concerns about the future competitiveness of Norway spruce in the study area.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/82152