The increase in global agricultural demand in recent decades has often led to the adoption of unsustainable farming practices, resulting in negative consequences for the environment and ecosystems. This new global scenario is raising awareness among scientists, activists, and policymakers about the challenges humanity faces in the near future. Among the various approaches to address these issues is the study and application of biostimulants in agriculture, which represent a potential strategy to improve nutrient use efficiency and enhance crop resistance to abiotic stresses. Additionally, these products aim to increase crop yields while reducing the need for fertilizers.The implementation of biostimulants in agriculture represents a sustainable approach that could help mitigate issues related to soil fertility and, in the long term, enhance the sustainability of agricultural systems. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the efficacy of two biostimulants based on plant extracts, 4 Terra (LL004) and LL008, on industrial tomato crops, applied to the soil in open-field conditions. In particular, the study focused on testing different dosages of the two products, their combination, and their shelf-life, specifically how the efficacy of biostimulants may change depending on the year of production. The biostimulants were tested in three distinct experimental trials. At specific time points, their efficacy was assessed through enzymatic and colorimetric assays on the rhizosphere, monitoring the activity of enzymes involved in the phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon cycles, and evaluating the amount of available phosphorus at the end of the treatments. Field measurements were conducted to quantify photosynthetic efficiency, plant density, and vegetation cover. Yield, soluble solids content, and fruit firmness were then assessed. Although some positive trends were observed, it was not possible to draw definitive conclusions about the efficacy of the tested biostimulants. Nevertheless, these products represent a promising strategy for making agriculture more sustainable. To optimize their application, further studies are needed to refine timing, application methods, and monitoring techniques. In summary, the work conducted contributes to a better understanding of the efficacy of biostimulants and paves the way for future research aimed at optimizing their use. In an era of climate change and increasing environmental pressures, the integration of these technologies could represent a breakthrough for the future of global agriculture.
L’incremento della domanda agricola mondiale ha portato negli untimi decenni ad adottare spesso delle pratiche agricole poco sostenibili, con conseguenze negative per l’ambiente e l’ecosistema. Questo nuovo scenario globale sta consapevolizzando gli scienziati, attivisti e soggetti politici ad affrontare le nuove sfide che l’umanità si trova all’orizzonte. Tra le varie strade intraprese per affrontare queste problematiche, vi è lo studio e l’applicazione di biostimolanti in agricoltura, come potenziale via per migliorare l’efficienza nell’uso dei nutrienti, e aumentare la resistenza delle colture agli stress abiotici. Tali prodotti hanno come ulteriore scopo quello di incrementare le rese, riducendo l’input di fertilizzanti. L’implementazione dei biostimolanti in agricoltura risulta essere un approccio sostenibile, che potrebbe ridurre le problematiche relative alla fertilità del suolo e sul lungo periodo, aumentare la sostenibilità del sistema agricolo. Lo scopo di questa tesi è stata la valutazione dell’efficacia di due biostimolanti basati su estratti vegetali 4 Terra (LL004) e LL008, applicati al suolo in pieno campo su pomodoro da industria. Si sono voluti testare diversi dosaggi dei due prodotti, la loro combinazione e la loro shelf-life. Cioè, di come potesse cambiare l’efficacia dei biostimolanti prodotti in annate differenti. I biostimolanti sono stati testati in tre differenti prove sperimentali. A specifici time-points, è stata valutata l’efficacia dei prodotti applicati, mediante dei saggi enzimatici e colorimetrici sulla rizosfera delle piante, monitorando l’attività di alcuni enzimi coinvolti nel ciclo del fosforo, dell’azoto e del carbonio e valutando la quantità di fosforo disponibile al termine dei trattamenti. Sono stati condotti dei rilevi in campo finalizzati a quantificare: l’efficienza fotosintetica, la densità e la copertura vegetativa delle piante. È stata poi valutata la resa, il contenuto di solidi solubili la compattezza dei frutti. Nonostante alcune tendenze positive, non è stato possibile trarre conclusioni definitive sull’efficacia dei biostimolanti testati, tuttavia questi prodotti rappresentano una promettente strategia per rendere l’agricoltura più sostenibile. Per ottimizzarne l’applicazione, saranno necessari ulteriori studi su tempistiche, modalità di utilizzo e metodologie di monitoraggio. In sintesi, il lavoro condotto contribuisce alla comprensione dell’efficacia dei biostimolanti e apre la strada a nuove ricerche volte a ottimizzarne l’uso. In un’epoca di cambiamenti climatici e pressioni ambientali crescenti, l’integrazione di queste tecnologie potrebbe rappresentare una svolta per il futuro dell’agricoltura globale.
Valutazione dell'efficacia dei biostimolanti 4-Terra e LL008 sulla resa quali-quantitativa di pomodoro e del loro impatto sulla rizosfera
CAMPANA, GABRIELE
2024/2025
Abstract
The increase in global agricultural demand in recent decades has often led to the adoption of unsustainable farming practices, resulting in negative consequences for the environment and ecosystems. This new global scenario is raising awareness among scientists, activists, and policymakers about the challenges humanity faces in the near future. Among the various approaches to address these issues is the study and application of biostimulants in agriculture, which represent a potential strategy to improve nutrient use efficiency and enhance crop resistance to abiotic stresses. Additionally, these products aim to increase crop yields while reducing the need for fertilizers.The implementation of biostimulants in agriculture represents a sustainable approach that could help mitigate issues related to soil fertility and, in the long term, enhance the sustainability of agricultural systems. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the efficacy of two biostimulants based on plant extracts, 4 Terra (LL004) and LL008, on industrial tomato crops, applied to the soil in open-field conditions. In particular, the study focused on testing different dosages of the two products, their combination, and their shelf-life, specifically how the efficacy of biostimulants may change depending on the year of production. The biostimulants were tested in three distinct experimental trials. At specific time points, their efficacy was assessed through enzymatic and colorimetric assays on the rhizosphere, monitoring the activity of enzymes involved in the phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon cycles, and evaluating the amount of available phosphorus at the end of the treatments. Field measurements were conducted to quantify photosynthetic efficiency, plant density, and vegetation cover. Yield, soluble solids content, and fruit firmness were then assessed. Although some positive trends were observed, it was not possible to draw definitive conclusions about the efficacy of the tested biostimulants. Nevertheless, these products represent a promising strategy for making agriculture more sustainable. To optimize their application, further studies are needed to refine timing, application methods, and monitoring techniques. In summary, the work conducted contributes to a better understanding of the efficacy of biostimulants and paves the way for future research aimed at optimizing their use. In an era of climate change and increasing environmental pressures, the integration of these technologies could represent a breakthrough for the future of global agriculture.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/82297