Gender Inequality and Women’s Leadership in Scientific Fields: The Case of Kazakhstan

Gender disparity in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) leadership remains a critical issue globally, with women underrepresented in higher academic and corporate positions. This thesis explores the barriers preventing women from advancing into leadership roles within STEM fields, with a specific focus on Kazakhstan. Drawing on feminist theories, intersectionality, and the concept of the “leaky pipeline,” this study examines the structural, cultural, and institutional factors contributing to gender inequality. Through an analysis of existing literature, policy reports, and case studies, this research identifies key challenges such as gender stereotypes, workplace discrimination, lack of mentorship opportunities, and societal expectations regarding work-life balance. Additionally, it evaluates the effectiveness of policies and initiatives implemented in Kazakhstan and other countries to promote gender equity in STEM leadership. The findings suggest that while progress has been made in increasing women’s participation in STEM education, significant gaps remain in leadership representation due to systemic biases and cultural norms. This thesis proposes actionable recommendations, including policy reforms, mentorship programs, and institutional changes, to foster a more inclusive and equitable STEM environment for women in Kazakhstan.