In the European Union coexist two directives, which have been transposed into our legal system in Consumer Code: one relating to general product safety (2001/95/EC), the other concerning the liability of the producer for damages arising from the defect of a product (1985/374/EEC). The first has a preventive role, ex ante; the second serves to ascertain the possible compensation, ex post. The link between the aforementioned directives has been identified in the “harmonised technical standards”, predisposed by European standardisation bodies, which are responsible for drawing them up. Such rules are intended to promote an efficient functioning of the market and a balanced competition between operators within a common economic area. In this speech, you can present a situation in which a product complies with technical standards, so it is safe, and, at the same time, causes damages to the user. Doctrine and case law have debated a lot on the subject of damage from compliant product, but without arriving at a uniform orientation. The issue has been addressed differently in the US system, through a systematic and coordinated reading of the rules on liability of the producer and those identifying uniform safety standards. In this context, the burden of proving the defect of a product, even if compliant with technical standards, that falls on the consumer, is not always easy, given also the different approaches followed by case law to consider it achieved.
Nell’Unione Europea coesistono due direttive, che sono state recepite nel nostro ordinamento nel Codice del Consumo: una relativa alla sicurezza generale dei prodotti (2001/95/CE), l’altra riguardante la responsabilità del produttore per i danni derivanti dal difetto di un prodotto (1985/374/CEE). La prima ha un ruolo preventivo, ex ante; la seconda serve per accertare l’eventuale risarcimento, ex post. Il trait d’union tra le precitate direttive è stato individuato nelle “norme tecniche armonizzate”, predisposte da organismi europei di normazione, incaricati di redigerle. Tali norme hanno lo scopo di promuovere un efficiente funzionamento del mercato e un’equilibrata competizione tra gli operatori all’interno di uno spazio economico comune. In questo discorso, si può presentare una situazione in cui un prodotto è conforme alle norme tecniche, quindi è sicuro, e, allo stesso tempo, provoca dei danni all’utilizzatore. La dottrina e la giurisprudenza hanno dibattuto molto sul tema del danno da prodotto conforme, ma senza giungere a un orientamento uniforme. La questione è stata affrontata diversamente nel sistema statunitense, attraverso una lettura sistematica e coordinata delle regole relative alla responsabilità del produttore e di quelle che individuano standard uniformi di sicurezza. In quest’ambito, l’onere di provare il difetto di un prodotto, anche se conforme alle norme tecniche, che incombe sul consumatore, non è sempre agevole, visti anche i diversi approcci seguiti dalla giurisprudenza per ritenerlo raggiunto.
Sicurezza generale dei prodotti e responsabilità: il danno da prodotto conforme
PASUTO, DANIELE
2024/2025
Abstract
In the European Union coexist two directives, which have been transposed into our legal system in Consumer Code: one relating to general product safety (2001/95/EC), the other concerning the liability of the producer for damages arising from the defect of a product (1985/374/EEC). The first has a preventive role, ex ante; the second serves to ascertain the possible compensation, ex post. The link between the aforementioned directives has been identified in the “harmonised technical standards”, predisposed by European standardisation bodies, which are responsible for drawing them up. Such rules are intended to promote an efficient functioning of the market and a balanced competition between operators within a common economic area. In this speech, you can present a situation in which a product complies with technical standards, so it is safe, and, at the same time, causes damages to the user. Doctrine and case law have debated a lot on the subject of damage from compliant product, but without arriving at a uniform orientation. The issue has been addressed differently in the US system, through a systematic and coordinated reading of the rules on liability of the producer and those identifying uniform safety standards. In this context, the burden of proving the defect of a product, even if compliant with technical standards, that falls on the consumer, is not always easy, given also the different approaches followed by case law to consider it achieved.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/83912