Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disease affecting the Caucasian population. From the molecular perspective, this disorder is caused by defects in the CFTR channel, which is the primary transporter responsible for chloride and bicarbonate efflux in epithelial cells. Mutations in this protein lead to thicker mucus, fibrotic tissue formation, respiratory dysfunction, bacterial proliferation, and inflammation. The current approved therapy Trikafta® is based on the use of CFTR modulators, of which two are correctors and one is a potentiator. This therapy is primarily approved for patients carrying the most common mutation, delF508, which results from the deletion of the phenylalanine in position 508, although its use has been recently extended to other CFTR mutations. Patients are required to take this pharmacological treatment for their entire lives; however, side effects are reported, mainly hepatotoxicity. In cellular models of CF with delF508 mutation, the misfolding and defective trafficking of CFTR lead to its rapid degradation. This event induces pro-oxidative imbalance with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress. Furthermore, this condition is characterized by an augmentation in lipid peroxidation and a parallel decrease of the cellular antioxidant defense. Lipid peroxidation is a radical reaction occurring in many inflammatory conditions and in neurodegeneration, and it is an iron-dependent reaction closely related to cellular ROS production. When uncontrolled, lipid peroxidation could lead to an iron-mediated non-apoptotic cell death, known as ferroptosis. This thesis aims to investigate the pro-oxidative state in cellular models of CF bearing the delF508 mutation, with emphasis on uncovering the role of lipid peroxidation. For this purpose, I have studied two FDA-approved molecules known to counteract lipid peroxidation in other cell models. Specifically, one compound is an iron-chelator, and the other acts as a radical trapping agent. Having initially confirmed their mechanism of action in our CF models for the first time, I employed these two drugs to investigate alterations in pro- and anti-oxidant markers as well as inflammatory mediators. Finally, I assessed the therapeutic potential of the two compounds using a functional assay on bronchial epithelium.
La Fibrosi Cistica (FC) è la malattia autosomica recessiva più comune nella popolazione caucasica. Dal punto di vista molecolare, questa patologia è causata da problematiche a livello del canale CFTR, che è il principale trasportatore responsabile dell’efflusso di cloruro e bicarbonato nelle cellule epiteliali. Mutazioni in questa proteina portano alla formazione di muco più denso, formazione di tessuti fibrotici, disfunzioni respiratorie, proliferazione batterica e infiammazione. L'attuale terapia approvata (Trikafta®) consiste nella somministrazione di farmaci modulatori del CFTR, di cui due agiscono come correttori e uno come potenziatore. Questa terapia è approvata principalmente per i pazienti portatori della mutazione più frequente, la delF508, ossia la delezione della fenilalanina in posizione 508, sebbene sia stata recentemente estesa anche ad altre mutazioni del CFTR. I pazienti devono assumere questo trattamento farmacologico per tutta la loro vita, tuttavia recentemente sono stati riportati alcuni effetti collaterali. Nei modelli cellulari di Fibrosi Cistica con la mutazione delF508, il non corretto meccanismo di folding e la conseguente difettosa maturazione del CFTR portano ad una sua rapida degradazione. Questo evento induce uno squilibrio pro-ossidativo con un aumento della produzione di specie reattive dell'ossigeno (ROS). Inoltre, questa condizione è caratterizzata da un aumento della perossidazione lipidica e una parallela diminuzione della difesa antiossidante cellulare. La perossidazione lipidica è una reazione radicalica che si verifica in molte condizioni infiammatorie e nella neurodegenerazione ed è una reazione ferro dipendente strettamente legata alla produzione cellulare di ROS. Quando non correttamente controllata, la perossidazione lipidica può portare a una morte cellulare non apoptotica mediata dal ferro, nota come ferroptosi. Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di esplorare la condizione pro-ossidativa presente nei modelli cellulari di FC con la mutazione delF508, con particolare enfasi nel chiarire il ruolo della perossidazione lipidica. A tal fine, ho studiato due molecole clinicamente approvate note per agire contro la perossidazione lipidica in altri modelli cellulari. In particolare, uno dei due composti è un chelante del ferro mentre l'altro agisce direttamente sui radicali perossidici. Dopo aver confermato per la prima volta il loro meccanismo d’azione contro la perossidazione lipidica nei nostri modelli cellulari, ho utilizzato questi due farmaci per studiare le variazioni dei marker pro- e anti-ossidanti, nonché dei mediatori dell’infiammazione. Infine, ho analizzato il potenziale terapeutico delle due molecole mediante un saggio funzionale sull’epitelio bronchiale.
Unravelling lipid peroxidation in Cystic Fibrosis using a pharmacological approach
CRAVIN, GIOVANNI
2024/2025
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disease affecting the Caucasian population. From the molecular perspective, this disorder is caused by defects in the CFTR channel, which is the primary transporter responsible for chloride and bicarbonate efflux in epithelial cells. Mutations in this protein lead to thicker mucus, fibrotic tissue formation, respiratory dysfunction, bacterial proliferation, and inflammation. The current approved therapy Trikafta® is based on the use of CFTR modulators, of which two are correctors and one is a potentiator. This therapy is primarily approved for patients carrying the most common mutation, delF508, which results from the deletion of the phenylalanine in position 508, although its use has been recently extended to other CFTR mutations. Patients are required to take this pharmacological treatment for their entire lives; however, side effects are reported, mainly hepatotoxicity. In cellular models of CF with delF508 mutation, the misfolding and defective trafficking of CFTR lead to its rapid degradation. This event induces pro-oxidative imbalance with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress. Furthermore, this condition is characterized by an augmentation in lipid peroxidation and a parallel decrease of the cellular antioxidant defense. Lipid peroxidation is a radical reaction occurring in many inflammatory conditions and in neurodegeneration, and it is an iron-dependent reaction closely related to cellular ROS production. When uncontrolled, lipid peroxidation could lead to an iron-mediated non-apoptotic cell death, known as ferroptosis. This thesis aims to investigate the pro-oxidative state in cellular models of CF bearing the delF508 mutation, with emphasis on uncovering the role of lipid peroxidation. For this purpose, I have studied two FDA-approved molecules known to counteract lipid peroxidation in other cell models. Specifically, one compound is an iron-chelator, and the other acts as a radical trapping agent. Having initially confirmed their mechanism of action in our CF models for the first time, I employed these two drugs to investigate alterations in pro- and anti-oxidant markers as well as inflammatory mediators. Finally, I assessed the therapeutic potential of the two compounds using a functional assay on bronchial epithelium.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Cravin_Giovanni.pdf
accesso riservato
Dimensione
2.96 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
2.96 MB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/84433