Psychedelics in Mental Health Treatment: Emerging Therapies and Psilocybin's Impact on Depression

Despite the growing number of psychological disorders diagnosed over the past decades—particularly the global rise in cases of depression—progress in effective pharmacological treatments remains limited. Depression, in fact, stands today as the leading cause of disability worldwide. Since ancient times, numerous societies and civilizations have incorporated psychedelic substances into their ritual and healing practices. These drugs have the remarkable ability to induce intense and profound experiences in those who consume them. Can the experiences generated by psychedelics provide therapeutic benefits to individuals suffering from various psychological disorders? What are the actual risks associated with their use? Who stands to benefit from them, and in what contexts are they employed? In this research, we aim to address these questions by examining psychedelics from multiple perspectives. We will explore their historical uses, delve into the principal risks involved, and review studies investigating their potential clinical applications. As part of the practical component of this work, I will reflect on my personal experience participating in a clinical trial involving psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. The objective of this thesis, therefore, is to determine whether psychedelics can offer therapeutic benefits when used within well-defined, controlled settings.