Background: Psychotic-like experiences (PLE) represent a complex clinical phenomenon, primarily manifesting through positive psychotic symptoms, such as hallucinations and delusions, whose impact on mental health is widely documented in the literature. Self-injurious behavior, recognized as a transdiagnostic risk indicator, is associated with various psychopathological conditions and exhibits a particularly relevant bidirectional relationship with PLE, especially during adolescence. Objectives: This study examined the association between PLE and self-injurious behavior in a sample of adolescents hospitalized at the Complex Operative Unit of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry of the Department of Woman’s and Child’s Health at the Padua University Hospital (AO-UNI PD). The sample consisted of 311 adolescents who, at the time of hospitalization, presented with current or past self-injurious behaviors. The study aimed to: (1) conduct a descriptive analysis of the total sample, considering sociodemographic and clinical variables; (2) describe the PLE-positive subsample, analyzing the type, intensity, and clinical characteristics of PLE and comparing it with the PLE-negative subsample; (3) categorize the PLE-positive subsample along a severity continuum of the self-injury spectrum (NSSI, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt) and examine differences between severity levels in relation to specific clinical variables and scores obtained from administered psychological assessments. Materials and methods: The study adopted an observational retrospective research design. Data were collected through the review of paper-based medical records, discharge letters, and the hospital’s electronic data storage and consultation system, in full compliance with privacy regulations and following informed consent verification. The presence of PLE was assessed using three items from the ASEBA YSR/11-18 and CBCL/6-18 questionnaires (item 34, item 40, item 70). Additionally, the MASC 2-SR, CDI 2-SR, BIS-11, and TAS-20 questionnaires were administered to further investigate anxiety and depressive symptoms, impulsivity, and the presence of alexithymic traits, respectively. Results: In the sample that completed the YSR/11-18, CBCL/6-18, or both, the prevalence of PLE was high, reaching approximately 80%, with predominantly episodic manifestations. The most frequently reported manifestations included persecutory ideation and auditory hallucinations. The PLE-positive subsample exhibited a generally more severe clinical profile, characterized by significantly longer hospitalization duration, a higher frequency of requests for specialized services, a greater number of relapses, and a higher likelihood of being discharged with a pharmacological prescription. Moreover, this group showed higher levels of internalizing problems, such as anxiety and depression, difficulties in peer relationships, sleep disorders, and marked emotional dysregulation. However, no significant direct associations emerged between the presence of PLE and clinical indices related to self-injurious behavior. When comparing the suicidal and non-suicidal groups within the PLE-positive subsample, the former showed a higher incidence of sleep disorders associated with nightmares and a greater frequency of relapses.
Background: Le esperienze psicotiche (PLE) costituiscono un fenomeno clinico complesso, manifestandosi prevalentemente attraverso sintomi psicotici positivi, quali allucinazioni e deliri, il cui impatto sulla salute mentale è ampiamente documentato in letteratura. L’autolesionismo, riconosciuto come un indicatore transdiagnostico di rischio, è associato a numerose condizioni psicopatologiche e presenta una relazione bidirezionale particolarmente rilevante con le PLE, soprattutto in adolescenza. Obiettivi: Il presente studio ha esaminato l’associazione tra PLE e autolesionismo in un campione di adolescenti ricoverati presso l’Unità Operativa Complessa di Neuropsichiatria Infantile del Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino dell’Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova (AO-UNI PD). Il campione era costituito da 311 adolescenti che, al momento del ricovero, presentavano attualmente o in anamnesi comportamenti autolesivi. Gli obiettivi dello studio sono stati: (1) condurre un’analisi descrittiva del campione totale, considerando variabili sociodemografiche e cliniche; (2) descrivere il sottocampione positivo alle PLE, analizzandone tipologia, intensità e caratteristiche cliniche, per poi confrontarlo con il sottocampione negativo; (3) suddividere il sottocampione positivo alle PLE lungo un continuum di gravità dello spettro autolesionistico (NSSI, ideazione suicidaria, tentativo di suicidio) ed esaminare le differenze tra i livelli di gravità in relazione a specifiche variabili cliniche e ai punteggi ottenuti dalla testistica psicologica somministrata. Materiali e metodi: Lo studio ha adottato un disegno di ricerca di tipo osservazionale retrospettivo. I dati sono stati raccolti attraverso la revisione delle cartelle cliniche cartacee, delle lettere di dimissione e del sistema informatico di archiviazione e consultazione dati in uso presso l’AO-UNI PD, nel pieno rispetto della normativa sulla privacy e previa verifica del consenso informato. La presenza di PLE è stata valutata utilizzando tre item dei questionari ASEBA YSR/11-18 e CBCL/6-18 (item 34, item 40, item 70). Inoltre, sono stati somministrati i questionari MASC 2-SR, CDI 2-SR, BIS-11 e TAS-20 per approfondire rispettivamente la sintomatologia ansiosa, depressiva, l’impulsività e la presenza di tratti alessitimici. Risultati: Nel campione che ha completato la YSR/11-18, la CBCL/6-18 o entrambe, la prevalenza delle PLE è risultata elevata, attestandosi intorno all’80%, con manifestazioni prevalentemente episodiche. Tra le manifestazioni più frequentemente riportate figuravano l’ideazione persecutoria e le allucinazioni uditive. Il sottocampione positivo alle PLE ha mostrato un quadro clinico generalmente più severo, caratterizzato da una durata di ricovero significativamente maggiore, una più alta frequenza di richieste d’aiuto a servizi specialistici, un maggior numero di recidive e una maggiore probabilità di essere dimessi con una prescrizione farmacologica. Inoltre, presentava livelli più elevati di problematiche internalizzanti, quali ansia e depressione, difficoltà nelle relazioni tra pari, disturbi del sonno e una marcata disregolazione emotiva. Non sono emerse, invece, associazioni significative dirette tra la presenza di PLE e gli indici clinici relativi all’autolesionismo. Nel confronto tra polo suicidario e quello non suicidario all’interno del sottocampione positivo, il primo ha evidenziato una maggiore incidenza di disturbi del sonno associati a incubi, nonché una più alta frequenza di recidive.
Autolesionismo ed esperienze psicotiche in adolescenti ricoverati in Neuropsichiatria Infantile: uno studio clinico retrospettivo
GIRELLI, MARCO
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: Psychotic-like experiences (PLE) represent a complex clinical phenomenon, primarily manifesting through positive psychotic symptoms, such as hallucinations and delusions, whose impact on mental health is widely documented in the literature. Self-injurious behavior, recognized as a transdiagnostic risk indicator, is associated with various psychopathological conditions and exhibits a particularly relevant bidirectional relationship with PLE, especially during adolescence. Objectives: This study examined the association between PLE and self-injurious behavior in a sample of adolescents hospitalized at the Complex Operative Unit of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry of the Department of Woman’s and Child’s Health at the Padua University Hospital (AO-UNI PD). The sample consisted of 311 adolescents who, at the time of hospitalization, presented with current or past self-injurious behaviors. The study aimed to: (1) conduct a descriptive analysis of the total sample, considering sociodemographic and clinical variables; (2) describe the PLE-positive subsample, analyzing the type, intensity, and clinical characteristics of PLE and comparing it with the PLE-negative subsample; (3) categorize the PLE-positive subsample along a severity continuum of the self-injury spectrum (NSSI, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt) and examine differences between severity levels in relation to specific clinical variables and scores obtained from administered psychological assessments. Materials and methods: The study adopted an observational retrospective research design. Data were collected through the review of paper-based medical records, discharge letters, and the hospital’s electronic data storage and consultation system, in full compliance with privacy regulations and following informed consent verification. The presence of PLE was assessed using three items from the ASEBA YSR/11-18 and CBCL/6-18 questionnaires (item 34, item 40, item 70). Additionally, the MASC 2-SR, CDI 2-SR, BIS-11, and TAS-20 questionnaires were administered to further investigate anxiety and depressive symptoms, impulsivity, and the presence of alexithymic traits, respectively. Results: In the sample that completed the YSR/11-18, CBCL/6-18, or both, the prevalence of PLE was high, reaching approximately 80%, with predominantly episodic manifestations. The most frequently reported manifestations included persecutory ideation and auditory hallucinations. The PLE-positive subsample exhibited a generally more severe clinical profile, characterized by significantly longer hospitalization duration, a higher frequency of requests for specialized services, a greater number of relapses, and a higher likelihood of being discharged with a pharmacological prescription. Moreover, this group showed higher levels of internalizing problems, such as anxiety and depression, difficulties in peer relationships, sleep disorders, and marked emotional dysregulation. However, no significant direct associations emerged between the presence of PLE and clinical indices related to self-injurious behavior. When comparing the suicidal and non-suicidal groups within the PLE-positive subsample, the former showed a higher incidence of sleep disorders associated with nightmares and a greater frequency of relapses.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/85053