The Italian energy transition, driven by the increasing penetration of non-dispatchable renewable energy sources, requires a profound rethinking of the structure and operation of the national electricity system. In this context, energy storage systems—particularly electrochemical ones—play a central role in providing support during temporary imbalances, contributing to robust system resilience. This thesis offers an in-depth analysis of the Electricity Storage Capacity Procurement Mechanism (MACSE), recently introduced in Italy by Terna to incentivize the development of utility-scale storage infrastructures. After outlining the regulatory, technical, and economic framework in which MACSE operates, the thesis delves into its structure, functioning, participation criteria, and remuneration methods, critically comparing it with pre-existing market mechanisms such as the Capacity Market and the energy and dispatching services markets. A dedicated section explores the concept of revenue stacking, that is, the possibility of combining multiple revenue streams to improve the profitability of storage system investments. Finally, through a technical-economic case study, two investment scenarios are compared by calculating key indicators for understanding the profitability of these solutions. The results highlight that, in the absence of incentive mechanisms, investment in a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is not sustainable in the current Italian context, while the adoption of MACSE enables financial stability and positive economic returns. The thesis concludes by emphasizing the strategic role of the mechanism in the national energy transition and discussing future prospects for the development of the regulatory and technological framework for storage in Italy.
La transizione energetica italiana, guidata dalla crescente penetrazione delle fonti rinnovabili non programmabili, necessita di un profondo ripensamento della struttura e del funzionamento del sistema elettrico nazionale. In tale contesto, i sistemi di accumulo energetico – in particolare quelli elettrochimici – rivestono un ruolo centrale per garantire supporto a situazioni di squilibrio temporanee, contribuendo ad una solida resilienza. Questo elaborato di tesi analizza in maniera approfondita il Meccanismo di Approvvigionamento di Capacità di Stoccaggio Elettrico (MACSE), recentemente introdotto in Italia da Terna per incentivare la realizzazione di infrastrutture di storage utility-scale. Dopo aver delineato il contesto regolatorio, tecnico ed economico in cui si inserisce il MACSE, la tesi ne approfondisce la struttura, il funzionamento, i criteri di partecipazione e le modalità di remunerazione, confrontandolo criticamente con i meccanismi di mercato preesistenti quali il Capacity Market e i mercati dell’energia e dei servizi di dispacciamento. Una sezione dedicata esplora il concetto di revenue stacking, ovvero la possibilità di combinare più fonti di remunerazione per migliorare la redditività degli investimenti nei sistemi di accumulo. Infine, tramite un caso studio tecnico-economico, vengono confrontati due scenari di investimento, calcolando indicatori chiave alla comprensione della redditività di queste soluzioni. I risultati evidenziano come, in assenza di meccanismi incentivanti, l’investimento in un Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) non sia sostenibile nel contesto italiano attuale, mentre l’adozione del MACSE consente di raggiungere stabilità finanziaria e ritorni economici positivi. La tesi si conclude evidenziando il ruolo strategico del meccanismo nella transizione energetica nazionale e discutendo le prospettive future di sviluppo del quadro regolatorio e tecnologico dello storage in Italia.
Ottimizzazione dei sistemi di stoccaggio per la gestione delle energie rinnovabili: approfondimento sul meccanismo MACSE
AGNOLETTO, NICOLA
2024/2025
Abstract
The Italian energy transition, driven by the increasing penetration of non-dispatchable renewable energy sources, requires a profound rethinking of the structure and operation of the national electricity system. In this context, energy storage systems—particularly electrochemical ones—play a central role in providing support during temporary imbalances, contributing to robust system resilience. This thesis offers an in-depth analysis of the Electricity Storage Capacity Procurement Mechanism (MACSE), recently introduced in Italy by Terna to incentivize the development of utility-scale storage infrastructures. After outlining the regulatory, technical, and economic framework in which MACSE operates, the thesis delves into its structure, functioning, participation criteria, and remuneration methods, critically comparing it with pre-existing market mechanisms such as the Capacity Market and the energy and dispatching services markets. A dedicated section explores the concept of revenue stacking, that is, the possibility of combining multiple revenue streams to improve the profitability of storage system investments. Finally, through a technical-economic case study, two investment scenarios are compared by calculating key indicators for understanding the profitability of these solutions. The results highlight that, in the absence of incentive mechanisms, investment in a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is not sustainable in the current Italian context, while the adoption of MACSE enables financial stability and positive economic returns. The thesis concludes by emphasizing the strategic role of the mechanism in the national energy transition and discussing future prospects for the development of the regulatory and technological framework for storage in Italy.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/85229