One of the most significant aspects related to population aging concerns the issues that affect dental health, with particular reference to clinically and socially disabling conditions such as edentulism. This condition often necessitates surgical interventions involving dental implants, as highlighted by recent studies [1]. In order for dental implants to ensure optimal stability, it is essential that the alveolar bone is capable of withstanding the mechanical loads transmitted by the prosthesis. To this end, one of the most commonly used surgical techniques is the maxillary sinus floor elevation, which allows for an increase in bone volume in the affected area, thereby promoting implant integration and longevity. This experimental study focused on the analysis of DICOM files obtained from sinus lift procedures, carried out both in vitro on phantoms derived from dry skulls and in vivo on patients. The aim was to characterize the bone graft in terms of density (expressed in Hounsfield Units) and volume, in order to assess the reliability of measurements on the in vitro model and its comparability to in vivo clinical data, potentially providing useful preoperative insights for clinical practice. Using the software Slicer3D® for DICOM file segmentation and numerical data acquisition, and Rhinoceros 8® for the spatial interpretation of STL files related to the segmented grafts, results were obtained that allow for the evaluation of the reliability and repeatability of the measurements, along with a preliminary spatial characterization of the graft. Preliminary results show an overall higher bone density in the in vitro grafts compared to the in vivo ones. This difference can be attributed not only to the differing materials used but also to the biological changes that the bone material undergoes in the physiological environment during the six months following surgery (showing an increase in density at six months compared to the immediate postoperative setting), whereas in the in vitro model, which remains stable over time, the density stays unchanged from the initial value. Therefore, this study makes a significant contribution to the assessment of the reliability of manual measurements and the main differences between in vitro and in vivo models, offering valuable insights for optimizing surgical procedures and improving the effectiveness of future dental implant treatments. It also provides a methodological basis for the analysis of the spatial and physical characteristics of the graft itself.
Uno degli aspetti più rilevanti legati all’invecchiamento della popolazione riguarda le problematiche che influiscono sulla salute dentale, con particolare riferimento a condizioni clinicamente e socialmente invalidanti come l’edentulia. Tale condizione rende necessari interventi chirurgici di implantologia dentale, come evidenziato da studi recenti [1]. Affinché gli impianti dentali possano garantire una stabilità ottimale, è fondamentale che l’osso alveolare sia in grado di sostenere i carichi meccanici trasmessi dalla protesi. A tal fine, una delle tecniche chirurgiche più utilizzate è l’innalzamento del pavimento del seno mascellare, che consente di incrementare il volume osseo nell’area interessata, favorendo così l’integrazione e la durata dell’impianto. Il presente lavoro sperimentale si è concentrato sull’analisi dei file DICOM ottenuti da interventi di elevazione del seno mascellare, condotti sia in vitro su Phantom derivati da crani secchi, sia in vivo su pazienti. L’obiettivo è stato quello di caratterizzare l’innesto osseo in termini di densità (espressa in Unità Hounsfield) e volume, al fine di valutare l’affidabilità delle misurazioni sul modello in vitro e la sua comparabilità rispetto ai dati clinici in vivo, potendo fornire indicazioni preoperatorie utili per la pratica clinica. Attraverso l’utilizzo dei software Slicer3D ®, per la segmentazione dei file DICOM e l’acquisizione dei valori numerici d’interesse, e Rhinoceros 8 ®, per l’interpretazione spaziale dei file STL relativi agli innesti segmentati, sono stati ottenuti risultati che permettono di valutare l’affidabilità e la ripetibilità delle misurazioni effettuate, assieme alla preliminare caratterizzazione spaziale dell’innesto. In particolare, i risultati preliminari evidenziano una densità ossea mediamente maggiore negli innesti in vitro rispetto a quelli in vivo. Tale differenza è attribuibile, oltre alla differenza nei materiali utilizzati, alle modifiche biologiche che il materiale osseo subisce nell’ambiente fisiologico nel corso dei sei mesi successivi all’intervento (mostrando un aumento di densità a sei mesi rispetto al contesto immediatamente post-operatorio), mentre nel modello in vitro, essendo stabile nel tempo, la densità rimane invariata rispetto al valore iniziale. Questo studio fornisce quindi un contributo significativo alla valutazione dell’affidabilità delle misurazioni manuali e delle principali differenze tra modello in vitro ed in vivo, offrendo spunti di riflessione utili per ottimizzare le procedure chirurgiche e migliorare l’efficacia degli interventi di implantologia dentale in futuro, fornendo anche una base metodologica per l’analisi delle caratteristiche spaziali e fisiche dell’innesto stesso.
Segmentazione ed analisi di innesti ossei in interventi di rialzo del seno mascellare
CLESCOVICH, MIA
2024/2025
Abstract
One of the most significant aspects related to population aging concerns the issues that affect dental health, with particular reference to clinically and socially disabling conditions such as edentulism. This condition often necessitates surgical interventions involving dental implants, as highlighted by recent studies [1]. In order for dental implants to ensure optimal stability, it is essential that the alveolar bone is capable of withstanding the mechanical loads transmitted by the prosthesis. To this end, one of the most commonly used surgical techniques is the maxillary sinus floor elevation, which allows for an increase in bone volume in the affected area, thereby promoting implant integration and longevity. This experimental study focused on the analysis of DICOM files obtained from sinus lift procedures, carried out both in vitro on phantoms derived from dry skulls and in vivo on patients. The aim was to characterize the bone graft in terms of density (expressed in Hounsfield Units) and volume, in order to assess the reliability of measurements on the in vitro model and its comparability to in vivo clinical data, potentially providing useful preoperative insights for clinical practice. Using the software Slicer3D® for DICOM file segmentation and numerical data acquisition, and Rhinoceros 8® for the spatial interpretation of STL files related to the segmented grafts, results were obtained that allow for the evaluation of the reliability and repeatability of the measurements, along with a preliminary spatial characterization of the graft. Preliminary results show an overall higher bone density in the in vitro grafts compared to the in vivo ones. This difference can be attributed not only to the differing materials used but also to the biological changes that the bone material undergoes in the physiological environment during the six months following surgery (showing an increase in density at six months compared to the immediate postoperative setting), whereas in the in vitro model, which remains stable over time, the density stays unchanged from the initial value. Therefore, this study makes a significant contribution to the assessment of the reliability of manual measurements and the main differences between in vitro and in vivo models, offering valuable insights for optimizing surgical procedures and improving the effectiveness of future dental implant treatments. It also provides a methodological basis for the analysis of the spatial and physical characteristics of the graft itself.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/85243