Introduction: The 2019 ESC guidelines strongly recommend anticoagulant therapy during the first 3 months after an acute thromboembolic event (VTE). However, the net benefit of extended therapy remains uncertain, especially in elderly patients due to bleeding risk. This study aims to provide real-world evidence from outpatient practice to address this increasingly relevant clinical challenge in an aging population. Materials and Methods: 218 patients aged over 75 were enrolled at the outpatient clinics of the Angiology Unit of Padua Azienda-Ospedale between January 2022 and December 2024, following a first VTE event. Baseline data were collected for each patient and they underwent serial outpatient scheduled visits over an 18-month follow-up period. Results: The cohort consisted of 62.8% female patients, with a mean age of 83 years. The VTE event was mostly provoked and presented as lower limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in 68.6% cases, with 63.1% of cases involving distal veins. Active cancer was present in 23% of patients. In 86.5% of cases, a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC), most commonly edoxaban, was prescribed. The cumulative incidence of overall adverse events was 21.1%, decreasing to 14.1% when excluding the acute phase (46 events, including 20 deaths from all causes, 14 clinically relevant bleedings, 0 major bleedings, 3 recurrences of VTE). At 12 months, half of the cohort had discontinued DOAC therapy; among those who continued, 77% were receiving a reduced dose. Conclusion: This study provides real-world evidence supporting the use of reduced-dose DOACs (as an alternative to full-dose regimens) for extended VTE prevention in elderly, frail patients at risk of recurrence, demonstrating a significant reduction in bleeding risk while maintaining comparable antithrombotic protection.
Introduzione: Le linee guida ESC 2019 raccomandano con forza la terapia anticoagulante nei primi 3-6 mesi dopo un evento tromboembolico acuto. Tuttavia, l’estensione del trattamento oltre la fase acuta solleva dubbi sul bilancio rischio-beneficio, soprattutto negli anziani. Questo studio mira a raccogliere evidenze real-world dalla pratica ambulatoriale per affrontare un ambito clinico complesso e sempre più rilevante nel contesto dell’invecchiamento della popolazione. Materiali e metodi: Sono stati arruolati 218 pazienti con almeno 75 anni afferenti agli ambulatori della UOC di Angiologia AOP tra gennaio 2022 e dicembre 2024, per riscontro di primo evento TEV. Sono stati raccolti dati anamnestici, antropometrici e bioumorali al baseline. I pazienti hanno seguito visite di controllo ambulatoriali seriate con ecocolordoppler venoso in un follow-up di 18 mesi. Risultati: La coorte è composta prevalentemente da soggetti di sesso femminile (62,8%), con un’età media di 83 anni. L’evento TEV è secondario ad un fattore di rischio nel 68,6% dei casi, prevalentemente come trombosi venosa profonda distale degli arti inferiori. Il 23% del campione presenta una neoplasia attiva. Nell’86.5% dei casi è stato prescritto un DOAC, in particolare edoxaban o apixaban. L’incidenza cumulativa di eventi avversi è pari al 21.1% ma scende al 14.1% escludendo la fase acuta (in particolare, si sono osservati 46 eventi di cui 20 morti per tutte le cause, 14 sanguinamenti clinicamente rilevanti, 0 sanguinamenti maggiori, 3 recidive). A 12 mesi, la metà del campione ha sospeso il DOAC; tra coloro che hanno proseguito il trattamento, nel 77% dei casi è stata prescritta una dose ridotta. Conclusioni: I dati di questo studio forniscono un supporto di real-world evidence all’impiego delle basse dosi di DOAC (in alternativa al dosaggio pieno) nella prevenzione estesa del TEV in pazienti anziani fragili a rischio di recidiva, evidenziando una significativa riduzione del rischio emorragico a fronte di una protezione antitrombotica sovrapponibile.
STUDIO SOCRATE: Gestione terapeutica del tromboembolismo venoso in pazienti anziani dopo la fase acuta
CURRI, FRANCESCA
2022/2023
Abstract
Introduction: The 2019 ESC guidelines strongly recommend anticoagulant therapy during the first 3 months after an acute thromboembolic event (VTE). However, the net benefit of extended therapy remains uncertain, especially in elderly patients due to bleeding risk. This study aims to provide real-world evidence from outpatient practice to address this increasingly relevant clinical challenge in an aging population. Materials and Methods: 218 patients aged over 75 were enrolled at the outpatient clinics of the Angiology Unit of Padua Azienda-Ospedale between January 2022 and December 2024, following a first VTE event. Baseline data were collected for each patient and they underwent serial outpatient scheduled visits over an 18-month follow-up period. Results: The cohort consisted of 62.8% female patients, with a mean age of 83 years. The VTE event was mostly provoked and presented as lower limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in 68.6% cases, with 63.1% of cases involving distal veins. Active cancer was present in 23% of patients. In 86.5% of cases, a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC), most commonly edoxaban, was prescribed. The cumulative incidence of overall adverse events was 21.1%, decreasing to 14.1% when excluding the acute phase (46 events, including 20 deaths from all causes, 14 clinically relevant bleedings, 0 major bleedings, 3 recurrences of VTE). At 12 months, half of the cohort had discontinued DOAC therapy; among those who continued, 77% were receiving a reduced dose. Conclusion: This study provides real-world evidence supporting the use of reduced-dose DOACs (as an alternative to full-dose regimens) for extended VTE prevention in elderly, frail patients at risk of recurrence, demonstrating a significant reduction in bleeding risk while maintaining comparable antithrombotic protection.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/86892