In recent decades, the population of Canis lupus in Italy has significantly expanded, gradually reclaiming areas where it had drastically decreased. The most recent data on wolf distribution in Italy comes from the National Monitoring of the Wolf, carried out by ISPRA in 2020/2021, which estimated a population of 3,307 wolves. Since 2012, the species has spread into the central-eastern Alps through the migration of both Italian and Dinaric individuals. In particular, the presence of the wolf in this area has raised a strong debate regarding its coexistence with livestock farming. The diet of Canis lupus is influenced by the availability of wild ungulates; however, in their absence, livestock becomes an important food resource, possibly increasing conflicts with farmers. This study focuses on wolf predation in the mountainous areas of the Veneto region, with particular attention to Alpine summer farms and summer pastures, analysing data from the years 2021, 2022, and 2023. Through the analysis of official predation reports and the georeferencing of data, it was possible to identify the most affected areas and to understand the influence of environmental and management variables on the frequency and distribution of attacks. The data were processed by creating a database containing detailed information on predation events, farm characteristics, and environmental conditions during the attacks. The integration of this data with GIS tools made it possible to analyse the correlation between land cover, presence of pastures and predation incidence. The comparative analysis between areas with different levels of predation showed that the presence and activity of wolves are not significantly influenced by specific types of vegetation or land cover. However, this study highlighted the importance of management and prevention measures to reduce conflict between wolves and livestock farming. Moreover, the data suggest that integrated strategies, based on proper land-use planning and effective protection measures, could lead to a more sustainable solution for the coexistence of wolves and farmers in the mountainous areas of Veneto. The results contribute to a better understanding of wolf predatory dynamics in human-influenced mountain environments and provide useful insights for future conservation and land management strategies.
Negli ultimi decenni, la popolazione di Canis lupus in Italia ha registrato una significativa espansione, riconquistando progressivamente territori da cui era diminuita drasticamente. Le più recenti informazioni sulla distribuzione della popolazione in Italia sono dichiarate dal Monitoraggio Nazionale del lupo condotto da ISPRA nel 2020/2021, che ha stimato una popolazione di 3.307 lupi. Dal 2012 la specie si è diffusa nelle Alpi centro-orientali con la migrazione di esemplari italici e dinarici. In particolare, la presenza del lupo in questo territorio ha suscitato un forte dibattito in merito alla coesistenza con le attività zootecniche. La dieta di Canis lupus risulta infatti influenzata dalla disponibilità di ungulati selvatici, ma in assenza di questi il bestiame diventa una risorsa trofica importante, portando un possibile aumento del conflitto con gli allevatori. Il presente studio si concentra sulla predazione del lupo nel territorio montano del Veneto, con particolare attenzione alle malghe e alle zone d'alpeggio, analizzando le annate del 2021, 2022 e 2023. Attraverso l'analisi di verbali ufficiali di predazione e la georeferenziazione dei dati, è stato possibile individuare le aree più colpite e comprendere l'influenza delle variabili ambientali e gestionali sulla frequenza e la distribuzione degli attacchi. I dati sono stati elaborati attraverso la creazione di un database che raccoglie informazioni dettagliate sugli eventi predatori, le caratteristiche degli allevamenti e le condizioni ambientali durante gli eventi predatori. L'integrazione di questi dati con strumenti GIS ha permesso di analizzare la correlazione tra copertura del suolo, presenza di pascoli e incidenza della predazione. L’analisi comparativa tra aree caratterizzate da diversa incidenza di predazioni ha evidenziato come la presenza e l’attività del lupo non siano significativamente condizionate da particolari tipi di vegetazione o copertura del suolo. Il presente studio ha però permesso di mettere in luce l'importanza della gestione territoriale e della prevenzione per mitigare il conflitto tra lupo e attività zootecniche. Inoltre, i dati suggeriscono che strategie integrate, basate su una corretta pianificazione e su misure di protezione efficaci, potrebbero portare ad una soluzione più sostenibile per la coesistenza tra lupo e allevatori nelle aree montane del Veneto. I risultati ottenuti contribuiscono a una maggiore comprensione della dinamica predatoria del lupo in contesti montani antropizzati e potrebbero offrire indicazioni utili per orientare future strategie di conservazione e gestione del territorio.
Predazione del lupo (Canis lupus) nelle aree alpine del Veneto: valutazione dell’impatto e analisi delle dinamiche ecologiche e gestionali
STAGNOLI, GRETA
2024/2025
Abstract
In recent decades, the population of Canis lupus in Italy has significantly expanded, gradually reclaiming areas where it had drastically decreased. The most recent data on wolf distribution in Italy comes from the National Monitoring of the Wolf, carried out by ISPRA in 2020/2021, which estimated a population of 3,307 wolves. Since 2012, the species has spread into the central-eastern Alps through the migration of both Italian and Dinaric individuals. In particular, the presence of the wolf in this area has raised a strong debate regarding its coexistence with livestock farming. The diet of Canis lupus is influenced by the availability of wild ungulates; however, in their absence, livestock becomes an important food resource, possibly increasing conflicts with farmers. This study focuses on wolf predation in the mountainous areas of the Veneto region, with particular attention to Alpine summer farms and summer pastures, analysing data from the years 2021, 2022, and 2023. Through the analysis of official predation reports and the georeferencing of data, it was possible to identify the most affected areas and to understand the influence of environmental and management variables on the frequency and distribution of attacks. The data were processed by creating a database containing detailed information on predation events, farm characteristics, and environmental conditions during the attacks. The integration of this data with GIS tools made it possible to analyse the correlation between land cover, presence of pastures and predation incidence. The comparative analysis between areas with different levels of predation showed that the presence and activity of wolves are not significantly influenced by specific types of vegetation or land cover. However, this study highlighted the importance of management and prevention measures to reduce conflict between wolves and livestock farming. Moreover, the data suggest that integrated strategies, based on proper land-use planning and effective protection measures, could lead to a more sustainable solution for the coexistence of wolves and farmers in the mountainous areas of Veneto. The results contribute to a better understanding of wolf predatory dynamics in human-influenced mountain environments and provide useful insights for future conservation and land management strategies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/87632