In the current economic and social context, characterized by increasing pressure on productivity and the maximization of resources, environmental protection represents one of the main challenges for public institutions. The European Union has developed a complex and constantly evolving regulatory framework aimed at striking a balance between economic development and environmental protection, recognizing a central role for public participation in decision-making processes. This thesis will analyze the value attributed to environmental protection within the European legal system and the legal instruments available to citizens that enable them to play a decisive role in environmental policy. Particular attention will be dedicated to the main environmental assessment tools, such as Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), Integrated Environmental Authorization (IEA), the Single Environmental Authorization (SEA) and the Appropriate Assessment (AA), with an in-depth examination of certain aspects, such as their effectiveness in ensuring a balance between development and sustainability. Emphasis will be placed on the right of access to environmental information and the concept of transparency in decision-making processes, fundamental elements to ensure inclusive and participatory environmental governance. Finally, this research will evaluate, through a comparative analysis and the study of international best practices, the role of these instruments in strengthening the democratic legitimacy of environmental decisions and promoting the effective involvement of civil society in the protection and preservation of the environment.
Nell’attuale contesto economico e sociale, caratterizzato da una sempre più crescente pressione sulla produttività e sulla massimizzazione delle risorse, la tutela ambientale rappresenta una delle principali sfide per le istituzioni pubbliche. L’Unione Europea ha sviluppato un quadro normativo complesso, costantemente in evoluzione, che ha come scopo quello di trovare un equilibrio tra lo sviluppo economico e la protezione dell’ambiente, riconoscendo un ruolo centrale alla partecipazione pubblica nei processi decisionali. In questa tesi verrà analizzato il valore attribuito, nell’ordinamento europeo, alla tutela ambientale e gli strumenti giuridici disponibili per i cittadini che permettono loro di ricoprire un ruolo decisivo nell’ambito delle politiche ambientali. Particolare attenzione sarà dedicata ai principali strumenti di valutazione ambientale, quali la Valutazione di Impatto Ambientale (VIA), la Valutazione Ambientale Strategica (VAS), l’Autorizzazione Integrata Ambientale (AIA), l’Autorizzazione Unica Ambientale (AUA) e la Valutazione di Incidenza Ambientale (VIncA), e ne verranno approfonditi alcuni aspetti, come la loro efficacia nel garantire un equilibrio tra sviluppo e sostenibilità. Un accento verrà posto sul diritto di accesso alle informazioni ambientali e sul concetto di trasparenza nei processi decisionali, elementi fondamentali per garantire una governance ambientale inclusiva e partecipativa. Questa ricerca valuterà, infine, attraverso un’analisi comparata e lo studio di best practices internazionali, il ruolo di questi strumenti nel rafforzare la legittimità democratica delle decisioni ambientali e nel favorire un coinvolgimento effettivo della società civile nella tutela e nella protezione dell’ambiente.
Governance ambientale e partecipazione: VIA, VAS, AIA, AUA e VIncA come strumenti di sostenibilità e trasparenza nelle politiche europee
FERRO, CHIARA
2024/2025
Abstract
In the current economic and social context, characterized by increasing pressure on productivity and the maximization of resources, environmental protection represents one of the main challenges for public institutions. The European Union has developed a complex and constantly evolving regulatory framework aimed at striking a balance between economic development and environmental protection, recognizing a central role for public participation in decision-making processes. This thesis will analyze the value attributed to environmental protection within the European legal system and the legal instruments available to citizens that enable them to play a decisive role in environmental policy. Particular attention will be dedicated to the main environmental assessment tools, such as Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), Integrated Environmental Authorization (IEA), the Single Environmental Authorization (SEA) and the Appropriate Assessment (AA), with an in-depth examination of certain aspects, such as their effectiveness in ensuring a balance between development and sustainability. Emphasis will be placed on the right of access to environmental information and the concept of transparency in decision-making processes, fundamental elements to ensure inclusive and participatory environmental governance. Finally, this research will evaluate, through a comparative analysis and the study of international best practices, the role of these instruments in strengthening the democratic legitimacy of environmental decisions and promoting the effective involvement of civil society in the protection and preservation of the environment.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/88263