Religious freedom and the rights of the Christian minority in Indonesia: From religious tolerance to the persecution of Christians, a study of the tensions between constitutional recognition and local practices in the face of the country's Islamization.

Indonesia, an archipelago of unique cultural and religious richness, stands out for its model of "hybrid secularism" based on the philosophy of Pancasila. This legal framework officially recognizes six religions, guarantees freedom of worship, and places religion at the heart of national identity. However, in a country where Islam is the majority religion, accounting for almost 87% of the population, religious minorities (Christians, Hindus, Buddhists, local denominations, etc.) face obstacles in exercising their rights. Although Indonesia was considered a religiously tolerant state immediately after holland’s decolonization in 1945, today there are tensions, persecutions and undeniable violations of human rights and freedoms between religious groups, particularly between the Christian religion, which represents only 10% of the country's population, and the overwhelming majority of Muslims (87%). These tensions are rooted in the gap between constitutional guarantees and their implementation at the local level, where socio-political and Islamic influences play a predominant role.