Approaches, Frameworks, and Applications of Technology in English Language Teaching: A study of Learners’ and Instructors’ Perspectives

The evolution of English Language Teaching (ELT) has been shaped by past changes in methodology, changing learner needs, and the growing influence of digital innovation. New teaching methodologies and models have emerged over time, with Test-Teach-Test (TTT) and communicative methodologies becoming increasingly prevalent. The aim of this thesis is to address the development of ELT approaches and frameworks and explore the role of technology and artificial intelligence in present-day classrooms. The study compares the old and new methods, examines the differences between teaching children and adults, and elicits the distinctions between online and face-to-face instruction. The first chapter offers an overview of the most significant ELT approaches and their historical background, including the development of productive and receptive skills. The second chapter examines popular models like TTT and discusses the application of real teaching materials and technological tools in the classroom. The third chapter describes the research design, including two questionnaires addressed to teachers and students. The fourth chapter presents and analyses the study results, giving an insight into current trends, pedagogic practice, and technology attitudes in ELT. The results highlight how educators and learners engage with different approaches, resources, and learning environments, and suggest directions for more effective language teaching in the future.