Quality of Life in Parkinson’s Disease: The Role of Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions worldwide, profoundly impairing patients’ quality of life (QoL). While traditionally characterized by motor symptoms such as tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability, PD also involves a wide spectrum of non-motor symptoms, including cognitive dysfunction, mood disorders, sleep disturbances, and autonomic dysfunction. These non-motor symptoms often precede motor manifestations and can impose an equal, if not greater, burden on patients’ daily lives. This systematic review investigates the impact of both motor and non-motor symptoms on the QoL of individuals with PD. By synthesizing findings from existing literature, the review highlights the distinct and combined effects of these symptoms on physical, emotional, and social well-being. The analysis reveals that while motor symptoms are the primary focus of clinical management, non-motor symptoms frequently contribute more significantly to reduced QoL. Moreover, the interplay between these symptom domains further exacerbates patient burden, underscoring the need for holistic care strategies. The findings of this review emphasize the importance of comprehensive assessment and management approaches that address both motor and non-motor aspects of PD. By providing a nuanced understanding of their relative and combined impacts, this study aims to inform clinical practices and improve outcomes for patients living with Parkinson’s disease.