Eating disorders (EDs) are characterized by persistent and maladaptive eating behaviors that significantly disrupt individuals' daily psychological and social functioning. These conditions are profoundly disabling at physical, mental, and social levels, and their increasing prevalence has rendered them a critical focus of contemporary scientific inquiry. Global prevalence rates of eating disorders have risen in recent decades, and these disorders are associated with the highest mortality rate among mental health conditions. Emerging evidence suggests that eating disorders occur at disproportionately high rates among marginalized populations, particularly within gender minority groups. Gender minorities are individuals whose gender identity differs from the one assigned at birth and encompass transgender men, transgender women, non-binary individuals, and other gender-diverse identities. Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals frequently report elevated levels of body image disturbance and body dissatisfaction. These body-related concerns may contribute to the adoption of unhealthy weight and shape-control behaviors, such as the misuse of diet pills, self-induced vomiting, or laxative abuse.Theoretical frameworks highlight the cumulative and intersecting impacts of discrimination, stigma, and sexual objectification on marginalized groups. In particular, TGD individuals are often subjected to both anti-transgender discrimination and sexual objectification, which collectively contribute to adverse mental health outcomes and increased vulnerability to eating disorders. Among these populations, transgender women face a specific form of stigma termed “transmisogyny,” reflecting the compounded discrimination experienced on the basis of both their gender identity and their perceived femininity, which is linked to higher rates of disordered eating behaviors compared to cisgender populations. This study aims to investigate the potential moderating role of both individual and group-based resilience factors, as outlined in models such as the Transgender Resilience Intervention Model (TRIM), in buffering the negative effects of minority stressors on eating behavior. In doing so, the study also addresses the importance of considering the heterogeneity within the transgender population, recognizing that experiences of privilege and oppression are shaped by the intersection of various biological, social, and cultural factors. Therefore, the research will include participants across the transgender spectrum, including both binary and non-binary individuals, to comprehensively examine how dehumanization and associated stressors impact eating behaviors and body image. Ultimately, this research seeks to identify protective factors at the individual, interpersonal, and community levels that promote resilience—broadly conceptualized as the capacity to overcome adversity—and contribute to the psychological well-being of transgender and gender-diverse populations.
I disturbi alimentari (DCA) si manifestano come comportamenti alimentari disturbati e persistenti che interferiscono con il funzionamento sociale e psicologico quotidiano. Tali disturbi sono fisicamente, mentalmente e socialmente invalidanti e a causa della loro crescente diffusione, il presente tema acquisisce una forte rilevanza nel panorama scientifico contemporaneo. La prevalenza globale dei disturbi alimentari, infatti, è aumentata dal 3,4% al 7,8% tra il 2000 e il 2018 e il loro tasso di mortalità è più alto di qualsiasi altro disturbo mentale. Queste difficoltà sembrano emergere con una frequenza maggiore rispetto alla media tra le popolazioni marginalizzate e minoranze, in particolare nelle minoranze di genere. Le minoranze di genere si identificano con un genere diverso da quello assegnato alla nascita e includono: uomini transgender, donne transgender, persone non binarie e altre identità di genere diverse (gender diverse). Gli individui transgender e gender diverse (TGD) riportano alti livelli di dissonanza corporea e disturbi dell'immagine corporea. Tali preoccupazioni relative all’immagine corporea possono essere alla base di comportamenti di compensazione del peso e della forma corporea non salutari (ad esempio, abuso di pillole dimagranti, vomito o lassativi). Il Modello panteorico della deumanizzazione creato da Moradi (2013) sostiene che la discriminazione, lo stigma e l'oggettivazione operino simultaneamente per degradare le persone appartenenti a gruppi emarginati e minoritari. Pertanto, a partire dalla Teoria dell’Oggettivazione e dalla Teoria del Minority Stress o Stress delle Minoranze si è studiato l’impatto concomitante sulle persone TGD di esperienze di discriminazione antitransgender e di oggettivazione sessuale. Le ricerche condotte hanno evidenziato, coerentemente con quanto è stato poi confermato dal Modello panteoretico di Deumanizzazione, come queste esperienze abbiano un ruolo significativo sulla salute mentale di questa popolazione e sul vissuto dell’immagine corporea e dei disturbi alimentari. In particolare, le donne transgender, vittime del costrutto che prende il nome di “transmisoginia”, quindi del duplice impatto discriminatorio subito in qualità di donne e in qualità di persone transgender, riportano una significativa maggiore incidenza di disturbi alimentari rispetto alla popolazione cisgender. A partire da tali riflessioni, il presente studio si propone di indagare come i fattori di resilienza di gruppo e individuali, come quelli proposti dal Transgender Resilience Intervention Model (TRIM), possano attenuare l'influenza negativa di fattori di stress e dunque diminuire la crescente incidenza di disturbi alimentari, aumentando la resilienza della popolazione transgender. Inoltre, nonostante sia evidente come le persone transgender sperimentino vari livelli di privilegio e oppressione in base all’intersezione di categorie biologiche, sociali e culturali, valutiamo sia rilevante ampliare il target della ricerca a tutta la popolazione transgender, in modo tale da esplorare l’impatto di tali fenomeni su chi ha un’identità transgender binaria (maschile o femminile), ma anche non-binaria (gender diverse). In conclusione, il presente disegno di ricerca vuole studiare come l’impatto negativo della deumanizzazione subita dalle persone transgender e gender diverse sulla loro condotta alimentare, possa essere mitigato da diversi fattori protettivi (individuali, gruppali e comunitari) che favoriscono la resilienza, intesa in senso ampio come “superare le avversità”, avente un ruolo significativo nella previsione del benessere psicologico delle persone transgender e gender diverse.
L’impatto dei fattori protettivi nel mediare l’incidenza dei disturbi della nutrizione e dell’alimentazione nelle persone transgender e gender diverse
CHERCHI, BENEDETTA
2024/2025
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) are characterized by persistent and maladaptive eating behaviors that significantly disrupt individuals' daily psychological and social functioning. These conditions are profoundly disabling at physical, mental, and social levels, and their increasing prevalence has rendered them a critical focus of contemporary scientific inquiry. Global prevalence rates of eating disorders have risen in recent decades, and these disorders are associated with the highest mortality rate among mental health conditions. Emerging evidence suggests that eating disorders occur at disproportionately high rates among marginalized populations, particularly within gender minority groups. Gender minorities are individuals whose gender identity differs from the one assigned at birth and encompass transgender men, transgender women, non-binary individuals, and other gender-diverse identities. Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals frequently report elevated levels of body image disturbance and body dissatisfaction. These body-related concerns may contribute to the adoption of unhealthy weight and shape-control behaviors, such as the misuse of diet pills, self-induced vomiting, or laxative abuse.Theoretical frameworks highlight the cumulative and intersecting impacts of discrimination, stigma, and sexual objectification on marginalized groups. In particular, TGD individuals are often subjected to both anti-transgender discrimination and sexual objectification, which collectively contribute to adverse mental health outcomes and increased vulnerability to eating disorders. Among these populations, transgender women face a specific form of stigma termed “transmisogyny,” reflecting the compounded discrimination experienced on the basis of both their gender identity and their perceived femininity, which is linked to higher rates of disordered eating behaviors compared to cisgender populations. This study aims to investigate the potential moderating role of both individual and group-based resilience factors, as outlined in models such as the Transgender Resilience Intervention Model (TRIM), in buffering the negative effects of minority stressors on eating behavior. In doing so, the study also addresses the importance of considering the heterogeneity within the transgender population, recognizing that experiences of privilege and oppression are shaped by the intersection of various biological, social, and cultural factors. Therefore, the research will include participants across the transgender spectrum, including both binary and non-binary individuals, to comprehensively examine how dehumanization and associated stressors impact eating behaviors and body image. Ultimately, this research seeks to identify protective factors at the individual, interpersonal, and community levels that promote resilience—broadly conceptualized as the capacity to overcome adversity—and contribute to the psychological well-being of transgender and gender-diverse populations.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
L’impatto dei fattori protettivi nel mediare l’incidenza dei disturbi della nutrizione e dell’alimentazione nelle persone transgender e gender diverse.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
1.29 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.29 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/88754