This study investigates the influence of institutional ownership on ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) performance in European companies over the period 2019 to 2023. Drawing on agency and stakeholder theory, it assesses both the overall impact of institutional investors and the specific effects of foreign institutions, pension funds, cross-holdings, government entities, investment companies, and other institutional investors. Using firm-level panel data from Refinitiv DataStream, the findings reveal that institutional ownership in aggregate does not have a statistically significant effect on ESG performance. However, foreign investors are positively associated with ESG outcomes, particularly in the social and governance dimensions, while pension funds and cross-holdings are linked to weaker ESG scores. Government ownership and investment companies exhibit mixed or insignificant effects, whereas other institutional investors show a slightly negative association with ESG performance. These results highlight the heterogeneous influence of institutional investors and underscore the importance of transparency, regulatory oversight, and active engagement in advancing ESG practices across Europe.
Questo studio analizza l'influenza della proprietà istituzionale sulla performance ESG (ambientale, sociale e di governance) delle imprese europee nel periodo compreso tra il 2019 e il 2023. Basandosi sulla teoria dell'agenzia e sulla teoria degli stakeholder, valuta sia l'impatto complessivo degli investitori istituzionali sia gli effetti specifici delle istituzioni estere, dei fondi pensione, delle partecipazioni incrociate, delle entità governative, delle società di investimento e di altri investitori istituzionali. Utilizzando dati panel a livello aziendale provenienti da Refinitiv DataStream, i risultati evidenziano che la proprietà istituzionale nel suo complesso non ha un effetto statisticamente significativo sulla performance ESG. Tuttavia, gli investitori esteri sono positivamente associati ai risultati ESG, in particolare nelle dimensioni sociale e di governance, mentre i fondi pensione e le partecipazioni incrociate sono correlati a punteggi ESG più deboli. La proprietà governativa e le società di investimento mostrano effetti misti o non significativi, mentre altri investitori istituzionali presentano un'associazione lievemente negativa con la performance ESG. Questi risultati evidenziano l'influenza eterogenea degli investitori istituzionali e sottolineano l'importanza della trasparenza, della supervisione normativa e dell'impegno attivo nel promuovere le pratiche ESG in Europa.
European companies and ESG indicators: the role of institutional investors.
BELANILA, DANIEL ISANDA
2024/2025
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of institutional ownership on ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) performance in European companies over the period 2019 to 2023. Drawing on agency and stakeholder theory, it assesses both the overall impact of institutional investors and the specific effects of foreign institutions, pension funds, cross-holdings, government entities, investment companies, and other institutional investors. Using firm-level panel data from Refinitiv DataStream, the findings reveal that institutional ownership in aggregate does not have a statistically significant effect on ESG performance. However, foreign investors are positively associated with ESG outcomes, particularly in the social and governance dimensions, while pension funds and cross-holdings are linked to weaker ESG scores. Government ownership and investment companies exhibit mixed or insignificant effects, whereas other institutional investors show a slightly negative association with ESG performance. These results highlight the heterogeneous influence of institutional investors and underscore the importance of transparency, regulatory oversight, and active engagement in advancing ESG practices across Europe.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/89531