Mitigating Wolf–Livestock Conflicts Through Acoustic and Optical Deterrents: A Technical and Applied Approach

In many rural areas of Europe, the wolf (Canis lupus) has begun a rapid and steady expansion of its population reviving conflict between predators and livestock keepers, necessitating the adoption of effective strategies to protect livestock. Among the emerging solutions, acoustic and optical deterrents represent non-lethal and potentially sustainable methods to reduce the risk of attacks. This thesis aims to analyze the operation, effectiveness, and limitations of such technologies, with a focus on devices that emit high-frequency sounds, strobe lights, and visual disturbance signals. This work is intended to contribute to the development of sustainable and integrated approaches to mitigate attacks by these predators and promote coexistence between livestock activities and wildlife.