This paper aims to analyse the role of taxation in the current economic context, characterised by globalisation and digitalisation, which have promoted capital mobility and profoundly transformed the international tax landscape. Through a review of the literature and an analysis of empirical data, the phenomena of tax competition and Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) are examined in depth, identifying their causes and consequences in the European context and highlighting the critical issues arising from the absence of effective supranational tax coordination. A further issue addressed concerns the European Union's lack of adequate own resources, which limits its capacity for autonomous financing. The research examines the main reform proposals developed at European and international level, aimed at fighting Profit Shifting and ensuring a more equitable allocation of income, highlighting how the current system based on the arm's length principle is now obsolete in the digital economy. The quantitative analysis conducted on two hypothetical cases of multinational companies shows that alternative models, combined with the introduction of a global minimum tax, would significantly reduce tax avoidance practices while generating increased revenue. The study also shows that even low-tax countries could benefit in terms of tax revenue from the adoption of instruments such as the Qualified Domestic Minimum Top-up Tax (QDMTT), albeit with the risk of potential relocation of multinational companies' branches to other countries. In conclusion, measures to fight BEPS could not only strengthen tax fairness and transparency, but also constitute a new potential source of own resources for the European Union, helping to reduce dependence on national contributions and finance strategic common policies, such as defence, ecological transition and the fight against climate change.
Il presente elaborato ha l’obiettivo di analizzare il ruolo della fiscalità nell’attuale contesto economico, caratterizzato dai fenomeni della globalizzazione e della digitalizzazione, che hanno favorito la mobilità dei capitali e profondamente trasformato il panorama fiscale internazionale. Mediante una revisione della letteratura e l’analisi di dati empirici, vengono approfonditi i fenomeni della concorrenza fiscale e del Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS), individuandone le cause e le conseguenze nel contesto europeo ed evidenziando le criticità derivanti dall’assenza di un efficace coordinamento fiscale sovranazionale. Un’ulteriore questione affrontata riguarda la carenza di risorse proprie adeguate per l’Unione Europea, che limita la sua capacità di finanziamento autonomo. La ricerca esamina le principali proposte di riforma elaborate in sede europea e internazionale, volte a contrastare il Profit Shifting e a garantire una più equa allocazione dei redditi, mettendo in luce come l’attuale sistema basato sull’arm’s length principle risulti ormai obsoleto nell’economia digitale. L’analisi quantitativa condotta su due casi ipotetici di società multinazionali dimostra che modelli alternativi, combinati all’introduzione di una tassazione minima globale, consentirebbero di ridurre in modo significativo le pratiche elusive, generando al contempo un aumento di gettito. Dallo studio emerge altresì che anche i Paesi a bassa imposizione potrebbero beneficiare, in termini di entrate fiscali, dall’adozione di strumenti come la Qualified Domestic Minimum Top-up Tax (QDMTT), pur con il rischio di potenziali riallocazioni delle filiali delle società multinazionali in altri Paesi. In conclusione, le misure di contrasto al BEPS potrebbero non solo rafforzare l’equità e la trasparenza fiscale, ma anche costituire una nuova potenziale fonte di risorse proprie per l’Unione Europea, contribuendo a ridurre la dipendenza dai contributi nazionali e a finanziare politiche comuni strategiche, quali la difesa, la transizione ecologica e la lotta al cambiamento climatico.
Armonizzazione a livello europeo della tassazione sulle società e creazione di entrate proprie dell’UE
PAGANI, CHIARA
2024/2025
Abstract
This paper aims to analyse the role of taxation in the current economic context, characterised by globalisation and digitalisation, which have promoted capital mobility and profoundly transformed the international tax landscape. Through a review of the literature and an analysis of empirical data, the phenomena of tax competition and Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) are examined in depth, identifying their causes and consequences in the European context and highlighting the critical issues arising from the absence of effective supranational tax coordination. A further issue addressed concerns the European Union's lack of adequate own resources, which limits its capacity for autonomous financing. The research examines the main reform proposals developed at European and international level, aimed at fighting Profit Shifting and ensuring a more equitable allocation of income, highlighting how the current system based on the arm's length principle is now obsolete in the digital economy. The quantitative analysis conducted on two hypothetical cases of multinational companies shows that alternative models, combined with the introduction of a global minimum tax, would significantly reduce tax avoidance practices while generating increased revenue. The study also shows that even low-tax countries could benefit in terms of tax revenue from the adoption of instruments such as the Qualified Domestic Minimum Top-up Tax (QDMTT), albeit with the risk of potential relocation of multinational companies' branches to other countries. In conclusion, measures to fight BEPS could not only strengthen tax fairness and transparency, but also constitute a new potential source of own resources for the European Union, helping to reduce dependence on national contributions and finance strategic common policies, such as defence, ecological transition and the fight against climate change.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Pagani_Chiara.pdf
Accesso riservato
Dimensione
3.08 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
3.08 MB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/94773