The thesis systematically examines the phenomenon of tax evasion, delving into both its substantive manifestations and the legal and evidentiary tools useful for its detection, with particular attention to the role of factual assessment in tax proceedings. The first chapter offers a classification of tax evasion—total, partial, collection-related, interpretative, and material—focusing on the latter as it is particularly widespread and difficult to detect, especially in low-traceability sectors such as crafts and retail. It analyzes the ways in which taxpayers conceal income and include fictitious costs, often through false documentation, and discusses the varying levels of reliability in business accounting. The second chapter explores the nature of factual assessment, distinguishing between evidence in the material sense and evidence in the argumentative sense. It highlights how the tax administration, during its investigative activities, must first ascertain the actual economic facts and subsequently interpret them, with a strong logical-deductive component in the reasoning behind its decisions. The discussion clarifies the difference between evidence and reasoning, illustrating the various types of evidence and their value in the tax context. The third chapter shifts focus to the coordination between criminal and tax proceedings, with particular reference to Article 21-bis of Legislative Decree 74/2000, which serves as a bridging provision between the two systems. It analyzes judicial conflicts and the challenges arising from the differing nature of evidentiary standards: while the criminal trial is more rigid and based on legal proof and formal guarantees, the tax trial relies on presumptions and circumstantial criteria. The thesis ultimately highlights the practical implications and current limitations in the integrated management of assessments across the two domains.
La tesi esamina in modo sistematico il fenomeno dell’evasione fiscale, approfondendo sia le sue manifestazioni sostanziali sia gli strumenti giuridici e probatori utili alla sua individuazione, con particolare attenzione al ruolo del giudizio di fatto nel processo tributario. Il primo capitolo propone una classificazione dell’evasione fiscale – totale, parziale, da riscossione, interpretativa e materiale – soffermandosi su quest’ultima in quanto particolarmente diffusa e difficile da accertare, specie nei contesti a bassa tracciabilità come l’artigianato e il commercio al dettaglio. Vengono analizzate le modalità con cui i contribuenti occultano redditi e inseriscono costi inesistenti, anche tramite documentazione fittizia, e il diverso livello di attendibilità della contabilità imprenditoriale. Il secondo capitolo esplora la natura del giudizio di fatto, distinguendo tra prova in senso materiale e prova in senso argomentativo. Si evidenzia come l’amministrazione finanziaria, nel corso dell’attività istruttoria, debba accertare i fatti economici effettivi e successivamente interpretarli, con una forte componente logico-deduttiva nella motivazione del provvedimento. La trattazione chiarisce la differenza tra prova e motivazione, illustrando le varie categorie probatorie e il loro valore nel contesto tributario. Nel terzo capitolo, l’attenzione si sposta sul coordinamento tra il processo penale e quello tributario, con particolare riguardo all’art. 21-bis del D.Lgs. 74/2000, che funge da norma ponte tra i due sistemi. Vengono analizzati i conflitti giurisprudenziali e le difficoltà derivanti dalla diversa natura probatoria: mentre il processo penale è più rigido e fondato su prove legali e garanzie formali, quello tributario si basa su presunzioni e criteri indiziari. La tesi evidenzia infine le implicazioni pratiche e i limiti attuali nella gestione integrata dell’accertamento tra i due ambiti.
Il giudizio di fatto nell'accertamento tributario
ROCCO, SARA
2024/2025
Abstract
The thesis systematically examines the phenomenon of tax evasion, delving into both its substantive manifestations and the legal and evidentiary tools useful for its detection, with particular attention to the role of factual assessment in tax proceedings. The first chapter offers a classification of tax evasion—total, partial, collection-related, interpretative, and material—focusing on the latter as it is particularly widespread and difficult to detect, especially in low-traceability sectors such as crafts and retail. It analyzes the ways in which taxpayers conceal income and include fictitious costs, often through false documentation, and discusses the varying levels of reliability in business accounting. The second chapter explores the nature of factual assessment, distinguishing between evidence in the material sense and evidence in the argumentative sense. It highlights how the tax administration, during its investigative activities, must first ascertain the actual economic facts and subsequently interpret them, with a strong logical-deductive component in the reasoning behind its decisions. The discussion clarifies the difference between evidence and reasoning, illustrating the various types of evidence and their value in the tax context. The third chapter shifts focus to the coordination between criminal and tax proceedings, with particular reference to Article 21-bis of Legislative Decree 74/2000, which serves as a bridging provision between the two systems. It analyzes judicial conflicts and the challenges arising from the differing nature of evidentiary standards: while the criminal trial is more rigid and based on legal proof and formal guarantees, the tax trial relies on presumptions and circumstantial criteria. The thesis ultimately highlights the practical implications and current limitations in the integrated management of assessments across the two domains.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/94787