Sylvia Plath’s fame was almost entirely posthumous and the controversy about the management of her legacy has been raging unabated for over more than fifty years. From the aftermath of her death, her image has been categorized in that of the brilliant suicidal poetess, which for years has increased stereotypes and morbid attention to the end of her life. A much debated question is whether the manipulation of her image may have influenced the reception of her work, not only in the English-speaking world, but also abroad. Looking at the case of Italy, all of Sylvia Plath’s works were translated and published posthumously from 1968 onward. Her poems, in particular, have had several translations over the decades, but most of them were only selections. This thesis aims to examine how the construction of Plath’s image as a death-obsessed madwoman turned into a publishing phenomenon may have conditioned the first Italian selection of her poems, translated by Giovanni Giudici in 1976 ("Lady Lazarus e altre poesie"), and how the following 1985 collection, co-translated by Amelia Rosselli and Gabriella Morisco ("Le muse inquietanti"), attempted to compensate that image, with the influence of the feminist ideas. The differences in translators’ approaches and ideologies, the choice of poems selected for their collection, and certain formal and stylistic aspects will be analyzed, mainly applying the theoretical framework of Antoine Berman, Franco Buffoni, and Lawrence Venuti. In particular, some individual syntactic and semantic choices, different emphasis and omissions, respect for the poetic tone and structure, and possible tendencies toward foreignization or domestication will be taken into account. The role of gender in the translation process will also be considered, underscoring neutralization of female gender and gender stereotyping. Furthermore, the historical period and the decade-long lapse between the publication of the two translations will also be explored and considered, since it welcomed the spread of feminist movements and the availability of new materials by and about Plath. Finally, a reconstruction of the editorial history and of the translation process of Giudici’s and Rosselli and Morisco’s collections will be attempted, drawing on available archival material preserved at the Mondadori Historical Archive, direct testimonies, and a number of sources.
La reputazione di Sylvia Plath si è costruita quasi interamente dopo la sua morte e la controversa gestione della sua eredità letteraria resta, ancora oggi, oggetto di dibattito. Sin dai giorni immediatamente successivi alla sua scomparsa, la sua immagine è stata fissata in quella della “poetessa suicida”, etichetta che per decenni ha alimentato stereotipi e una curiosità morbosa nei confronti della sua fine, spesso a discapito della complessità della sua opera. Un aspetto che resta ancora da indagare è quanto questa costruzione di un mito postumo attorno alla sua figura abbia condizionato la ricezione dei suoi scritti, non solo nei paesi anglofoni, ma anche all’estero. Nel contesto italiano, tutte le opere di Plath sono state pubblicate postume a partire dal 1968. Le sue poesie, in particolare, hanno conosciuto diverse traduzioni, per lo più in forma di selezioni parziali. Questa tesi si propone di esaminare il modo in cui questa rappresentazione stereotipata della poetessa ossessionata dalla morte — trasformata in un vero e proprio fenomeno editoriale — abbia influenzato la prima antologia italiana delle sue poesie tradotta da Giovanni Giudici, "Lady Lazarus e altre poesie" (1976), e come la successiva raccolta, "Le muse inquietanti" (1985), tradotta da Amelia Rosselli e Gabriella Morisco, abbia cercato invece di ridefinire quell’immagine, anche alla luce delle sempre più diffuse idee femministe. L’analisi si concentrerà sulle differenze di approccio e di orientamento ideologico dei traduttori, sulle scelte dei testi inclusi e su aspetti formali e stilistici delle due versioni, applicando in particolare i quadri teorici di Antoine Berman, Franco Buffoni e Lawrence Venuti. Verranno prese in considerazione, nello specifico, alcune scelte sintattiche e semantiche, omissioni o enfatizzazioni, rispetto della struttura poetica e del tono, oltre alle tendenze verso una traduzione addomesticante o straniante. Particolare attenzione sarà dedicata anche al ruolo del genere nel processo traduttivo, osservando eventuali casi di neutralizzazione del femminile e ricorso a stereotipi di genere. Accanto all’analisi testuale, la ricerca prende in esame anche il contesto storico e culturale del decennio che separa le due traduzioni: un periodo caratterizzato dalla diffusione del femminismo in Italia e dalla crescente disponibilità di nuovi materiali di e su Plath. Infine, sarà proposta una ricostruzione della storia editoriale e del processo traduttivo delle due raccolte, basata su documenti conservati presso l’Archivio Storico della Fondazione Arnoldo e Alberto Mondadori, integrati da testimonianze dirette e da ulteriori fonti critiche e documentarie.
The myth-making of Sylvia Plath: the construction of her image in the Italian translation of her poems
MARCATAJO, DONATELLA
2024/2025
Abstract
Sylvia Plath’s fame was almost entirely posthumous and the controversy about the management of her legacy has been raging unabated for over more than fifty years. From the aftermath of her death, her image has been categorized in that of the brilliant suicidal poetess, which for years has increased stereotypes and morbid attention to the end of her life. A much debated question is whether the manipulation of her image may have influenced the reception of her work, not only in the English-speaking world, but also abroad. Looking at the case of Italy, all of Sylvia Plath’s works were translated and published posthumously from 1968 onward. Her poems, in particular, have had several translations over the decades, but most of them were only selections. This thesis aims to examine how the construction of Plath’s image as a death-obsessed madwoman turned into a publishing phenomenon may have conditioned the first Italian selection of her poems, translated by Giovanni Giudici in 1976 ("Lady Lazarus e altre poesie"), and how the following 1985 collection, co-translated by Amelia Rosselli and Gabriella Morisco ("Le muse inquietanti"), attempted to compensate that image, with the influence of the feminist ideas. The differences in translators’ approaches and ideologies, the choice of poems selected for their collection, and certain formal and stylistic aspects will be analyzed, mainly applying the theoretical framework of Antoine Berman, Franco Buffoni, and Lawrence Venuti. In particular, some individual syntactic and semantic choices, different emphasis and omissions, respect for the poetic tone and structure, and possible tendencies toward foreignization or domestication will be taken into account. The role of gender in the translation process will also be considered, underscoring neutralization of female gender and gender stereotyping. Furthermore, the historical period and the decade-long lapse between the publication of the two translations will also be explored and considered, since it welcomed the spread of feminist movements and the availability of new materials by and about Plath. Finally, a reconstruction of the editorial history and of the translation process of Giudici’s and Rosselli and Morisco’s collections will be attempted, drawing on available archival material preserved at the Mondadori Historical Archive, direct testimonies, and a number of sources.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/95079