This thesis, adopting a historical and diachronic perspective, analyzes the evolution of the relationships between the Italian aeronautical industry and the countries of Latin America. It begins with the initial contacts following the First World War, when Italy identified the region as a market opportunity to export part of its aeronautical production (aircraft, engines, and spare parts) accumulated during the conflict. The study then examines the Fascist era, covering aviation enterprises — such as the Italy-Brazil flight expedition of 1930–1931 — commercial exports, civil transoceanic flights — like those operated by L.A.T.I. — and the establishment of the first aeronautical manufacturing entities in Latin American countries, some of which were controlled by Italian industrial groups. Subsequently, the reconstruction of the Italian aeronautical industry in the post-war period is outlined, along with the resumption of contacts with the emerging industrial realities in Latin America, with particular attention to technological exchanges and potential joint projects. In particular, the case study of the AMX ground-attack aircraft is analyzed, a product of cooperation between Italy (Aeritalia and Aermacchi) and Brazil (Embraer) during the 1980s, examined as an example of a transcontinental partnership between two distinct but complementary industrial entities. Through documents and publications in Italian, English, and Portuguese, as well as an unpublished interview with an Italian engineer directly involved in the AMX program, the research investigates the political, economic, and diplomatic context that enabled such collaboration. It also explores the dynamics of shared design, the division of industrial labor, and the impact of the AMX on the technological know-how of both nations. Particular attention is given to Italy’s strategic role in transferring aeronautical expertise to Latin America and Brazil’s function as a privileged partner within the framework of South Atlantic cooperation. The analysis concludes with a reflection on the technical, economic, political, and strategic legacies of the AMX program and on the potential for future collaborations in the aerospace and defense sectors, in an international context that has profoundly changed but remains rich in opportunities.
Il presente elaborato, attraverso una prospettiva storico-diacronica, analizza l’evoluzione dei rapporti tra l’industria aeronautica italiana e i paesi dell’America Latina. Si parte dai primi contatti successivi alla Prima guerra mondiale, quando l’Italia individuò in quell’area un’opportunità di mercato in cui esportare una parte della produzione aeronautica (aerei, motori e componenti di ricambio) accumulata durante il conflitto. Vengono quindi descritti gli anni del fascismo, tra imprese aviatorie — come la crociera Italia-Brasile del 1930–1931 —, esportazioni commerciali, voli transoceanici civili — come quelli svolti dalla L.A.T.I. — e la nascita delle prime realtà costruttive aeronautiche nei paesi latinoamericani, alcune delle quali controllate da gruppi industriali italiani. Successivamente, si descrive la ricostituzione dell’industria aeronautica italiana nel secondo dopoguerra e la ripresa dei contatti con le nuove realtà industriali dell’America Latina, con particolare attenzione agli scambi tecnologici e a possibili progetti congiunti. In particolare, si analizza il caso studio dell’aereo da attacco al suolo AMX, frutto della cooperazione tra Italia (Aeritalia e Aermacchi) e Brasile (Embraer) negli anni Ottanta, esaminato come esempio di partnership transcontinentale tra due realtà industriali differenti ma complementari. Attraverso documenti e pubblicazioni in italiano, inglese e portoghese, nonché un’intervista inedita a un ingegnere italiano coinvolto direttamente nel programma AMX, la ricerca indaga il contesto politico, economico e diplomatico che rese possibile tale collaborazione. Vengono inoltre esaminate le dinamiche di progettazione condivisa, la divisione del lavoro industriale e l’impatto dell’AMX sul know-how tecnologico delle due nazioni. Particolare attenzione è riservata al ruolo strategico dell’Italia nel trasferimento di competenze aeronautiche verso l’America Latina e alla funzione del Brasile come partner privilegiato nel quadro della cooperazione Sud-Atlantica. L’analisi si conclude con una riflessione sulle eredità tecniche, economiche, politiche e strategiche del programma AMX e sul potenziale di future collaborazioni nei settori dell’aerospazio e della difesa, in un contesto internazionale profondamente mutato ma ancora ricco di opportunità.
L'industria aeronautica italiana nei suoi rapporti con l'America Latina, e il caso "pilota" dell'AMX
DE ROIT, DANIEL
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis, adopting a historical and diachronic perspective, analyzes the evolution of the relationships between the Italian aeronautical industry and the countries of Latin America. It begins with the initial contacts following the First World War, when Italy identified the region as a market opportunity to export part of its aeronautical production (aircraft, engines, and spare parts) accumulated during the conflict. The study then examines the Fascist era, covering aviation enterprises — such as the Italy-Brazil flight expedition of 1930–1931 — commercial exports, civil transoceanic flights — like those operated by L.A.T.I. — and the establishment of the first aeronautical manufacturing entities in Latin American countries, some of which were controlled by Italian industrial groups. Subsequently, the reconstruction of the Italian aeronautical industry in the post-war period is outlined, along with the resumption of contacts with the emerging industrial realities in Latin America, with particular attention to technological exchanges and potential joint projects. In particular, the case study of the AMX ground-attack aircraft is analyzed, a product of cooperation between Italy (Aeritalia and Aermacchi) and Brazil (Embraer) during the 1980s, examined as an example of a transcontinental partnership between two distinct but complementary industrial entities. Through documents and publications in Italian, English, and Portuguese, as well as an unpublished interview with an Italian engineer directly involved in the AMX program, the research investigates the political, economic, and diplomatic context that enabled such collaboration. It also explores the dynamics of shared design, the division of industrial labor, and the impact of the AMX on the technological know-how of both nations. Particular attention is given to Italy’s strategic role in transferring aeronautical expertise to Latin America and Brazil’s function as a privileged partner within the framework of South Atlantic cooperation. The analysis concludes with a reflection on the technical, economic, political, and strategic legacies of the AMX program and on the potential for future collaborations in the aerospace and defense sectors, in an international context that has profoundly changed but remains rich in opportunities.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/95119