This thesis examines the intersections of migration, childhood, and gender in the context of the Turkey–Germany Guest Worker Agreement (1961–present), focusing specifically on the lived experiences of girls who migrated with their families, those born in Germany, and those who remained in Turkey. The central research question guiding this study is: In what ways do the gendered experiences of migrant and non-migrant girls resemble or differ from each other, and how have these similarities and differences shaped their identities, opportunities, and future perspectives? To address this question, the research employs a qualitative methodology grounded in feminist approaches. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with women who either directly experienced migration in childhood or were affected by family members’ mobility. These personal narratives are complemented by archival documents, secondary literature, and statistical data on education and labour from the 1960s onward. The combination of oral history and historical analysis enables a comparative exploration of mobility and immobility, while also situating individual stories within the broader socio-political transformations of both Turkey and Germany. The study applies feminist theoretical frameworks, drawing particularly on second-wave feminism and postmodern feminist theory, to interrogate how migration reshaped and reproduced gender roles. While second-wave feminism highlights the “double burden” faced by migrant women and girls, postmodern feminist theory emphasizes the multiplicity of identities and situated knowledges, allowing space for the diverse ways in which girls negotiated cultural dualities. The findings demonstrate that migrant girls in Germany navigated tensions between traditional family expectations and the opportunities provided by German society, while non-migrant girls in Turkey often confronted stricter patriarchal controls that limited education and autonomy. The aim of this research is to illuminate how childhood, as a formative stage of identity construction, was deeply conditioned by both gender and migration status. By comparing the experiences of migrant and non-migrant girls, the thesis seeks to uncover how mobility and immobility alike contributed to shaping gendered roles, aspirations, and senses of belonging across borders. Beyond documenting individual experiences, the project aspires to challenge homogenizing narratives of migration by foregrounding the diverse voices of women whose stories reveal the complexities of transnational life. In doing so, it contributes to feminist migration studies by demonstrating how personal histories can enrich our understanding of broader social and political processes, while also highlighting the enduring impact of gender roles on migrant and non-migrant women’s lives.
Questa tesi esamina le intersezioni tra migrazione, infanzia e genere nel contesto dell’Accordo sui lavoratori ospiti tra la Turchia e la Germania (1961–oggi), concentrandosi in particolare sulle esperienze vissute dalle ragazze che hanno migrato con le loro famiglie, da coloro che sono nate in Germania e da quelle che sono rimaste in Turchia. La domanda centrale che guida questa ricerca è: In che modo le esperienze di genere delle ragazze migranti e non migranti si somigliano o differiscono tra loro, e come queste somiglianze e differenze hanno plasmato le loro identità, opportunità e prospettive future? Per rispondere a questa domanda, la ricerca adotta una metodologia qualitativa fondata su approcci femministi. Sono state condotte dieci interviste semi-strutturate con donne che hanno direttamente sperimentato la migrazione durante l’infanzia o che sono state influenzate dalla mobilità dei membri della propria famiglia. Queste narrazioni personali sono state integrate da documenti d’archivio, letteratura secondaria e dati statistici relativi all’istruzione e al lavoro a partire dagli anni ’60. La combinazione di storia orale e analisi storica consente un’esplorazione comparativa della mobilità e dell’immobilità, situando al contempo le storie individuali all’interno delle più ampie trasformazioni socio-politiche della Turchia e della Germania. Lo studio applica quadri teorici femministi, attingendo in particolare al femminismo della seconda ondata e alla teoria femminista postmoderna, per interrogarsi su come la migrazione abbia ridefinito e riprodotto i ruoli di genere. Mentre il femminismo della seconda ondata mette in evidenza il “doppio carico” affrontato dalle donne e dalle ragazze migranti, la teoria femminista postmoderna sottolinea la molteplicità delle identità e delle conoscenze situate, offrendo spazio ai diversi modi in cui le ragazze hanno negoziato le dualità culturali. I risultati dimostrano che le ragazze migranti in Germania hanno dovuto affrontare tensioni tra le aspettative familiari tradizionali e le opportunità offerte dalla società tedesca, mentre le ragazze non migranti in Turchia si sono spesso confrontate con controlli patriarcali più rigidi che limitavano l’istruzione e l’autonomia. L’obiettivo di questa ricerca è illuminare come l’infanzia, come fase formativa della costruzione dell’identità, sia stata profondamente condizionata sia dal genere che dallo status migratorio. Confrontando le esperienze delle ragazze migranti e non migranti, la tesi mira a rivelare come sia la mobilità sia l’immobilità abbiano contribuito a plasmare ruoli di genere, aspirazioni e sentimenti di appartenenza attraverso i confini. Oltre a documentare esperienze individuali, il progetto si propone di sfidare le narrazioni omogeneizzanti della migrazione, dando voce alla diversità delle esperienze femminili che rivelano le complessità della vita transnazionale. In questo modo, contribuisce agli studi femministi sulla migrazione, dimostrando come le storie personali possano arricchire la comprensione dei processi sociali e politici più ampi, mettendo in luce al contempo l’impatto duraturo dei ruoli di genere sulla vita delle donne migranti e non migranti.
Gender Roles Through the Experiences of Migrant and Non-Migrant Girls in the Context of the Turkey - Germany Guest Worker Agreement (1961–Present): A Feminist Approach
YILMAZ, KAĞAN
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis examines the intersections of migration, childhood, and gender in the context of the Turkey–Germany Guest Worker Agreement (1961–present), focusing specifically on the lived experiences of girls who migrated with their families, those born in Germany, and those who remained in Turkey. The central research question guiding this study is: In what ways do the gendered experiences of migrant and non-migrant girls resemble or differ from each other, and how have these similarities and differences shaped their identities, opportunities, and future perspectives? To address this question, the research employs a qualitative methodology grounded in feminist approaches. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with women who either directly experienced migration in childhood or were affected by family members’ mobility. These personal narratives are complemented by archival documents, secondary literature, and statistical data on education and labour from the 1960s onward. The combination of oral history and historical analysis enables a comparative exploration of mobility and immobility, while also situating individual stories within the broader socio-political transformations of both Turkey and Germany. The study applies feminist theoretical frameworks, drawing particularly on second-wave feminism and postmodern feminist theory, to interrogate how migration reshaped and reproduced gender roles. While second-wave feminism highlights the “double burden” faced by migrant women and girls, postmodern feminist theory emphasizes the multiplicity of identities and situated knowledges, allowing space for the diverse ways in which girls negotiated cultural dualities. The findings demonstrate that migrant girls in Germany navigated tensions between traditional family expectations and the opportunities provided by German society, while non-migrant girls in Turkey often confronted stricter patriarchal controls that limited education and autonomy. The aim of this research is to illuminate how childhood, as a formative stage of identity construction, was deeply conditioned by both gender and migration status. By comparing the experiences of migrant and non-migrant girls, the thesis seeks to uncover how mobility and immobility alike contributed to shaping gendered roles, aspirations, and senses of belonging across borders. Beyond documenting individual experiences, the project aspires to challenge homogenizing narratives of migration by foregrounding the diverse voices of women whose stories reveal the complexities of transnational life. In doing so, it contributes to feminist migration studies by demonstrating how personal histories can enrich our understanding of broader social and political processes, while also highlighting the enduring impact of gender roles on migrant and non-migrant women’s lives.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/95144