The thesis addresses the topic of interoperability in structural design, focusing on the interaction between Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis software and Building Information Modeling (BIM) platforms. The introduction of the new Public Procurement Code (Legislative Decree No. 36/2023) and the resulting mandatory adoption of BIM in public works represent a decisive step toward the digitalization of the construction sector. In this context, the integration between information modeling and structural analysis plays a strategic role in ensuring data consistency, efficiency, and traceability throughout the entire design process. However, interoperability between these two domains, originally conceived for different purposes, still represents one of the main challenges in the landscape of digital design. The objective of the thesis is to analyze the issues related to information exchange between BIM and FEM environments, identifying operational strategies that enable a consistent and reliable data flow between Autodesk Revit, used for information modeling, and Midas Gen, employed for structural analysis. The research aims to understand how the quality of data transfer affects the effectiveness of the design process and the reduction of information redundancy, with particular attention to the loss of geometry, materials, constraints, and loads during import and export operations. The methodology is based on a comparative analysis of different interoperability approaches. The study examined the direct link between Revit and Midas Gen through native files (.mgt), the use of the intermediary software Midas nGen, export via the IFC format (versions 2x3 and 4), and a custom workflow involving the processing of data using Python and Dynamo for subsequent transfer into the BIM model. For each method, the fidelity of information transfer and the consistency of the imported model were assessed, with the goal of identifying the most efficient solution in terms of accuracy and usability. The results show that none of the tested methods ensure fully automated interoperability. The direct link preserves most geometries but performs poorly in transferring loads and constraints. The workflow through Midas nGen provides greater stability but introduces redundancies and requires manual verification. The IFC format, although the open standard of reference, proves limited in conveying analytical data, while the workflow combining Midas, Python, Dynamo, and Revit offers the most flexible and controllable solution, allowing the designer to manage information precisely and minimize data loss. The findings confirm that full interoperability between BIM and FEM environments is still an evolving goal but can be achieved through a combined approach: the integration of openBIM tools with custom scripts makes it possible to create consistent and updatable information models, reducing modeling time and improving interdisciplinary coordination. The BIM model thus becomes a true structural information container, capable of representing not only the geometry of the work but also its mechanical performance and the results of numerical analyses.
La tesi affronta il tema dell’interoperabilità nella progettazione strutturale, concentrandosi sul dialogo tra i software di calcolo agli elementi finiti (FEM) e le piattaforme di Building Information Modeling (BIM). L’introduzione del nuovo Codice degli Appalti (D.Lgs. 36/2023) e la conseguente obbligatorietà dell’adozione del BIM nelle opere pubbliche rappresentano un passaggio decisivo verso la digitalizzazione del settore delle costruzioni. In tale contesto, l’integrazione tra modellazione informativa e analisi strutturale assume un ruolo strategico per garantire coerenza, efficienza e tracciabilità dei dati lungo l’intero processo progettuale. Tuttavia, l’interoperabilità tra questi due ambiti, nati con finalità differenti, rappresenta ancora oggi una delle principali criticità nel panorama della progettazione digitale. L’obiettivo della tesi è analizzare le problematiche di scambio informativo tra ambiente BIM e ambiente FEM, individuando strategie operative che permettano un flusso di dati coerente e affidabile tra Autodesk Revit, utilizzato per la modellazione informativa, e Midas Gen, impiegato per l’analisi strutturale. Il lavoro mira a comprendere come la qualità del trasferimento dei dati influisca sull’efficacia del processo progettuale e sulla riduzione della ridondanza informativa, con particolare attenzione alla perdita di geometrie, materiali, vincoli e carichi durante le fasi di importazione ed esportazione. La metodologia adottata si basa sull’analisi comparativa di diversi approcci di interoperabilità. Sono stati esaminati il collegamento diretto tra Revit e Midas Gen mediante file nativi (.mgt), l’utilizzo del software intermedio Midas nGen, l’esportazione attraverso il formato IFC nelle versioni 2x3 e 4, e un flusso operativo personalizzato che prevede l’elaborazione dei dati con Python e Dynamo per il successivo trasferimento nel modello BIM. Per ciascun metodo è stato valutato il grado di fedeltà del trasferimento delle informazioni e la coerenza del modello importato, con l’obiettivo di individuare la soluzione più efficiente in termini di precisione e praticità d’uso. Dall’analisi è emerso che nessuno dei metodi testati garantisce un’interoperabilità completamente automatizzata. Il collegamento diretto consente di mantenere buona parte delle geometrie ma risulta debole nel trasferimento dei carichi e dei vincoli. Il passaggio tramite Midas nGen offre una maggiore stabilità ma introduce ridondanze e richiede verifiche manuali. Il formato IFC, pur essendo lo standard aperto di riferimento, si dimostra limitato nella trasmissione dei dati analitici, mentre il flusso Midas, Python, Dynamo e Revit rappresenta la soluzione più flessibile e controllabile, consentendo al progettista di gestire in modo puntuale le informazioni e ridurre le perdite informative. I risultati ottenuti confermano che la piena interoperabilità tra ambienti BIM e FEM è un obiettivo ancora in evoluzione, ma raggiungibile mediante un approccio combinato: l’integrazione di strumenti openBIM con script personalizzati consente infatti di ottenere modelli informativi coerenti e aggiornabili, riducendo i tempi di modellazione e migliorando la qualità del coordinamento interdisciplinare. Il modello BIM si configura così come un vero contenitore informativo strutturale, capace di restituire non solo la geometria dell’opera, ma anche le sue prestazioni meccaniche e i risultati delle analisi numeriche.
"Problematiche di gestione informativa nella progettazione strutturale: analisi di un caso studio"
SCARSATO, ELEONORA
2024/2025
Abstract
The thesis addresses the topic of interoperability in structural design, focusing on the interaction between Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis software and Building Information Modeling (BIM) platforms. The introduction of the new Public Procurement Code (Legislative Decree No. 36/2023) and the resulting mandatory adoption of BIM in public works represent a decisive step toward the digitalization of the construction sector. In this context, the integration between information modeling and structural analysis plays a strategic role in ensuring data consistency, efficiency, and traceability throughout the entire design process. However, interoperability between these two domains, originally conceived for different purposes, still represents one of the main challenges in the landscape of digital design. The objective of the thesis is to analyze the issues related to information exchange between BIM and FEM environments, identifying operational strategies that enable a consistent and reliable data flow between Autodesk Revit, used for information modeling, and Midas Gen, employed for structural analysis. The research aims to understand how the quality of data transfer affects the effectiveness of the design process and the reduction of information redundancy, with particular attention to the loss of geometry, materials, constraints, and loads during import and export operations. The methodology is based on a comparative analysis of different interoperability approaches. The study examined the direct link between Revit and Midas Gen through native files (.mgt), the use of the intermediary software Midas nGen, export via the IFC format (versions 2x3 and 4), and a custom workflow involving the processing of data using Python and Dynamo for subsequent transfer into the BIM model. For each method, the fidelity of information transfer and the consistency of the imported model were assessed, with the goal of identifying the most efficient solution in terms of accuracy and usability. The results show that none of the tested methods ensure fully automated interoperability. The direct link preserves most geometries but performs poorly in transferring loads and constraints. The workflow through Midas nGen provides greater stability but introduces redundancies and requires manual verification. The IFC format, although the open standard of reference, proves limited in conveying analytical data, while the workflow combining Midas, Python, Dynamo, and Revit offers the most flexible and controllable solution, allowing the designer to manage information precisely and minimize data loss. The findings confirm that full interoperability between BIM and FEM environments is still an evolving goal but can be achieved through a combined approach: the integration of openBIM tools with custom scripts makes it possible to create consistent and updatable information models, reducing modeling time and improving interdisciplinary coordination. The BIM model thus becomes a true structural information container, capable of representing not only the geometry of the work but also its mechanical performance and the results of numerical analyses.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/95525