Goal 2 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development aims to eradicate global hunger by 2030. However, according to the 2025 State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World (SOFI) report, between 638 and 720 million people faced hunger in 2024 — a number that seriously undermines the likelihood of achieving this target. Armed conflicts remain one of the main drivers of food insecurity, as they often lead to the destruction of agricultural land, the collapse of food production systems and restricted access to essential resources. In many situations, these consequences are not incidental but the result of deliberate strategies aimed at weakening civilian populations. This thesis aims to investigate how the prohibition of starvation of civilians as a method of warfare is used in both international and non-international armed conflicts. Specifically, it focuses on the use of siege tactics — a practice that, while not inherently unlawful, becomes illegal when it targets civilians and results in their starvation. It will be possible to do so, through the analysis of the siege of the Gaza Strip. The aim of this thesis is twofold: first, to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the international legal framework prohibiting the use of starvation as a method of warfare; and second, to critically assess the adequacy and practical effectiveness of this legal framework in protecting civilian populations during armed conflicts.
L'Obiettivo 2 dell'Agenda 2030 per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile mira a eliminare la fame nel mondo entro il 2030. Tuttavia, secondo il rapporto del 2025 sullo Stato della Sicurezza Alimentare e della Nutrizione nel Mondo (SOFI), tra i 638 e i 720 milioni di persone hanno sofferto la fame nel 2024 — un dato che compromette seriamente le possibilità di raggiungere tale obiettivo. I conflitti armati costituiscono una delle principali cause dell’insicurezza alimentare, poiché provocano la distruzione delle terre agricole, il collasso dei sistemi di produzione alimentare e la limitazione dell’accesso alle risorse. In molti casi, queste conseguenze non sono accidentali, ma rappresentano il risultato di strategie deliberate volte a indebolire le popolazioni civili. La presente tesi si propone di indagare come il divieto di affamare i civili come metodo di guerra venga applicato sia nei conflitti armati di natura internazionale, sia in quelli di natura non internazionale. In particolare, l’analisi si concentra sull’impiego delle tattiche d’assedio — una pratica che, pur non essendo di per sé illecita, diventa illegale quando è finalizzata a ridurre alla fame la popolazione civile. L’analisi verrà condotta attraverso il caso studio dell’assedio della Striscia di Gaza. L’obiettivo della tesi è duplice: da un lato, offrire un’analisi approfondita del quadro giuridico internazionale che vieta l’uso della fame come metodo di guerra; dall’altro, valutare criticamente l’adeguatezza e l’efficacia concreta di tale quadro normativo nella protezione delle popolazioni civili durante i conflitti armati.
Quando il cibo diventa un’arma: il divieto della privazione del cibo ai civili nella guerra d’assedio durante i conflitti armati internazionali e interni
PIVETTA, JULIE
2024/2025
Abstract
Goal 2 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development aims to eradicate global hunger by 2030. However, according to the 2025 State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World (SOFI) report, between 638 and 720 million people faced hunger in 2024 — a number that seriously undermines the likelihood of achieving this target. Armed conflicts remain one of the main drivers of food insecurity, as they often lead to the destruction of agricultural land, the collapse of food production systems and restricted access to essential resources. In many situations, these consequences are not incidental but the result of deliberate strategies aimed at weakening civilian populations. This thesis aims to investigate how the prohibition of starvation of civilians as a method of warfare is used in both international and non-international armed conflicts. Specifically, it focuses on the use of siege tactics — a practice that, while not inherently unlawful, becomes illegal when it targets civilians and results in their starvation. It will be possible to do so, through the analysis of the siege of the Gaza Strip. The aim of this thesis is twofold: first, to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the international legal framework prohibiting the use of starvation as a method of warfare; and second, to critically assess the adequacy and practical effectiveness of this legal framework in protecting civilian populations during armed conflicts.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/95795