Huntington’s Disease (HD) is an inheredited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a long preclinical phase during which gene carriers show no clinical symptoms, which involve motor, cognitive, and psychiatric impairments. The disease is caused by an expanded CAG repeat in exon 1 of the HTT gene, enabling genetic identification of asymptomatic individuals. Even before symptoms onset, structural, functional, and molecular brain alterations may be detected. Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), which measures cerebral activity through the BOLD signal, enables investigation of brain functional connectivity (FC) across disease stages. Previous studies, focusing on both manifest and pre-manifest individuals, have reported functional abnormalities in resting-state networks (RSNs), such as the default mode (DMN), executive control (ECN), and sensorimotor (SMN) networks, as well as in subcortical regions like the basal ganglia, areas primarily affected by HD-related atrophy. However, to our knowledge, no studies have examined rs-fMRI changes in large, clinically stratified HD cohorts using multi-echo (ME) fMRI data. This thesis project, conducted within the iMarkHD longitudinal study, focuses on the analysis of ME rs-fMRI data from 52 people with HD (PwHD), divided in pre-manifest, peri-manifest and manifest, and 32 Healthy Controls (HCs). Data were pre-processed using robust pipelines (fMRIPrep, tedana, XCP-D) and analyzed for regional BOLD amplitude and within-/between-network FC. Statistical comparisons among PwHD versus HCs revealed altered regional synchronization in the pallidus and Salience Ventral Attention Network (SVAN). FC differences emerged within the DMN and striatum, and between multiple cortical and subcortical networks, also involving the asymptomatic stage. Overall, findings indicate reduced network segregation and increased integration, suggesting a progressive shift towards a more randomized brain topology as diagnosis advances.
La Corea di Huntington (HD) è una malattia neurodegenerativa ereditaria caratterizzata da una lunga fase preclinica in cui i portatori della mutazione genetica non presentano sintomi clinici, che coinvolgono aspetti motori, cognitivi e psichiatrici. La malattia è causata da un’espansione anormale della ripetizione CAG nell’esone 1 del gene HTT, dando la possibilità di identificare geneticamente i pazienti asintomatici. Nella fase asintomatica, potrebbero presentarsi alterazioni cerebrali strutturali, funzionali e molecolari. La Risonanza Magnetica Funzionale a riposo (rs-fMRI), la quale misura l’attività cerebrale tramite il segnale BOLD, permette di studiare la connettività funzionale (FC) cerebrale nelle varie fasi della patologia. Precedenti studi, relativi a pazienti asintomatici e sintomatici, hanno riportato anomalie funzionali nei network cerebrali (RSNs), come il default mode network (DMN), l’executive control network (ECN) e il network sensorimotorio (SMN), così come nelle regioni sottocorticali, come i gangli della base, aree primariamente affette da atrofia HD-specifica. Tuttavia, a nostra conoscenza, nessuno studio ha esaminato i cambiamenti rs-fMRI in un ampio gruppo di individui affetti da HD ben differenziati a livello clinico, sfruttando dati fMRI multi-eco (ME). Questo progetto di tesi, parte dello studio longitudinale iMarkHD, si focalizza sull’analisi di dati ME rs-fMRI provenienti da 52 pazienti HD (PwHD), divisi in pre-sintomatici, peri-sintomatici e sintomatici, e 32 soggetti sani (HCs). I dati sono stati pre-processati mediante l’utilizzo di robuste pipeline (fMRIPrep, tedana, XCP-D) e analizzati in termini di ampiezza, a livello regionale, del segnale BOLD e intra- /inter-network FC. I confronti statistici tra PwHD rispetto ai HCs hanno rivelato differenze nella sincronizzazione regionale nel globo pallido e nel network Salience Ventral Attention (SVAN). Differenze nella FC sono state riscontrate nel DMN e nello striato, e tra diversi network corticali e sottocorticali, coinvolgendo anche la fase asintomatica. Complessivamente, i risultati individuano una diminuzione della segregazione dei network e un aumento dell’integrazione, suggerendo una progressiva evoluzione verso una topologia più randomica man mano che si avvicina la diagnosi.
Analysis of resting state fMRI data in Huntington's Disease
MUSI, CATERINA
2024/2025
Abstract
Huntington’s Disease (HD) is an inheredited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a long preclinical phase during which gene carriers show no clinical symptoms, which involve motor, cognitive, and psychiatric impairments. The disease is caused by an expanded CAG repeat in exon 1 of the HTT gene, enabling genetic identification of asymptomatic individuals. Even before symptoms onset, structural, functional, and molecular brain alterations may be detected. Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), which measures cerebral activity through the BOLD signal, enables investigation of brain functional connectivity (FC) across disease stages. Previous studies, focusing on both manifest and pre-manifest individuals, have reported functional abnormalities in resting-state networks (RSNs), such as the default mode (DMN), executive control (ECN), and sensorimotor (SMN) networks, as well as in subcortical regions like the basal ganglia, areas primarily affected by HD-related atrophy. However, to our knowledge, no studies have examined rs-fMRI changes in large, clinically stratified HD cohorts using multi-echo (ME) fMRI data. This thesis project, conducted within the iMarkHD longitudinal study, focuses on the analysis of ME rs-fMRI data from 52 people with HD (PwHD), divided in pre-manifest, peri-manifest and manifest, and 32 Healthy Controls (HCs). Data were pre-processed using robust pipelines (fMRIPrep, tedana, XCP-D) and analyzed for regional BOLD amplitude and within-/between-network FC. Statistical comparisons among PwHD versus HCs revealed altered regional synchronization in the pallidus and Salience Ventral Attention Network (SVAN). FC differences emerged within the DMN and striatum, and between multiple cortical and subcortical networks, also involving the asymptomatic stage. Overall, findings indicate reduced network segregation and increased integration, suggesting a progressive shift towards a more randomized brain topology as diagnosis advances.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Musi_Caterina.pdf
embargo fino al 23/10/2026
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/95816