Poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazolines) (PAOXAs) have attracted considerable interest over the past two decades as an alternative to polyethylene glycol (PEG) due to their biocompatibility, ease of synthesis, and functionalization. Their applications have been mainly investigated in the biomedical field; however, their lack of biodegradability represents a limitation, particularly for the development of cosmetics. This thesis focuses on the synthesis of biodegradable polymers based on PAOXAs through the copolymerization of 2-alkyl-2-oxazoline with lactones. This approach enables the incorporation of hydrolyzable ester groups into the main chain of PAOXAs. The effective incorporation of ester groups and their distribution along the PAOXA copolymer chains were studied as a function of the initial molar ratio of the reagents, their concentration, the copolymerization temperature, and the nature of the chain termination agents. The resulting polymers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Finally, poly(amino esters) (PEAs) were synthesized via organocatalyzed ring-opening polymerization of 4-acetyl-1,4-oxazepan-7-one (OxPMe), and their solubility in aqueous media was investigated. Due to the presence of functional groups similar to those of PAOXAs, along with ester groups in the main chain, these polymers could represent a biodegradable alternative to PAOXAs.
Le poli(2-alchil-2-ossazoline) (PAOXAs) hanno riscosso notevole interesse negli ultimi vent’anni come alternativa al polietilenglicole (PEG) data la loro biocompatibilità, facilità di sintesi e funzionalizzazione. Le loro applicazioni sono soprattutto studiate in ambito biomedico, ma non sono biodegradabili e questo rappresenta un limite soprattutto per quanto riguarda applicazioni nella cosmetica. In questa tesi si propone la sintesi di polimeri biodegradabili a base di PAOXA tramite copolimerizzazione di 2-alchil-2-ossazoline e lattoni. Questo processo permette l’incorporazione di gruppi esterei, quindi idrolizzabili, nella catena principale delle PAOXAs. L’effettiva incorporazione di gruppi esterei nelle catene di PAOXAs e la distribuzione di tali funzionalità lungo le catene dei copolimeri sono state studiate in funzione del rapporto molare iniziale dei reagenti, della loro concentrazione, della temperatura di copolimerizzazione e del tipo di agenti utilizzati per la reazione di terminazione delle catene propaganti. I polimeri così ottenuti sono stati caratterizzati tramite spettroscopia NMR e cromatografia ad esclusione dimensionale (GPC). Infine, sono stati sintetizzati poli(ammino esteri) (PEAs) tramite polimerizzazione ad apertura d’anello organocatalizzata di 4-acetil-1,4-oxazepan-7-one (OxPMe) e ne è stata studiata la loro solubilità in ambiente acquoso. Poichè i PEAs ottenuti presentano nella catena principale gruppi funzionali analoghi alle PAOXAs e gruppi esterei, questi polimeri possono rappresentare un’alternativa biodegradabile alle PAOXAs.
Sintesi e caratterizzazione di polimeri biodegradabili a base di poli(2-alchil-2-ossazoline) e poliesteri alifatici mediante polimerizzazione ionica ad apertura d’anello.
GIROTTI, MARIA ANTONIETTA
2024/2025
Abstract
Poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazolines) (PAOXAs) have attracted considerable interest over the past two decades as an alternative to polyethylene glycol (PEG) due to their biocompatibility, ease of synthesis, and functionalization. Their applications have been mainly investigated in the biomedical field; however, their lack of biodegradability represents a limitation, particularly for the development of cosmetics. This thesis focuses on the synthesis of biodegradable polymers based on PAOXAs through the copolymerization of 2-alkyl-2-oxazoline with lactones. This approach enables the incorporation of hydrolyzable ester groups into the main chain of PAOXAs. The effective incorporation of ester groups and their distribution along the PAOXA copolymer chains were studied as a function of the initial molar ratio of the reagents, their concentration, the copolymerization temperature, and the nature of the chain termination agents. The resulting polymers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Finally, poly(amino esters) (PEAs) were synthesized via organocatalyzed ring-opening polymerization of 4-acetyl-1,4-oxazepan-7-one (OxPMe), and their solubility in aqueous media was investigated. Due to the presence of functional groups similar to those of PAOXAs, along with ester groups in the main chain, these polymers could represent a biodegradable alternative to PAOXAs.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/95872