Introduction: “Parentification” refers to the process that occurs within a family whereby adult-like roles and responsibilities are inappropriately assigned to children, who are therefore compelled to take care of their parent’s emotional, physical and/or psychological wellbeing. Because of this relationship distortion, parentified children might develop a twisted concept of how their relationships with significant Others should look like, while also repeating such representation through the influence of insecure internal working models. Parentification can set harmful consequences when it comes to both personal development and being able to properly relate to significant Others throughout life. The aim of this study is to broaden the concept of “parentification”, as well as insecure romantic attachment and communication and stress managing within a relationship, a concept called “dyadic coping”. Material and methods: The study sample is composed of 201 adults, who have been romantically involved in a heterosexual relationship for at least two years, as well as 78 couples, matched through an anonymous ID. Data was collected via an online questionnaire, consisting of various self-report measures regarding parentification (Filial Responsibility Scale-Adult), romantic attachment (Experiences in Close Relationship-12) and dyadic coping (Dyadic Coping Questionnaire). Results: The results of this study confirm the association between past parentification and insecure romantic attachment, while also underlining the mutual influence between partners within a dyad. Parentification seems to be related to less stress communication, supportive dyadic coping and common dyadic coping. The dyadic analysis showed consistent results on a personal and interpersonal level, exposing a positive and significant association between parentification and negative dyadic coping. Unlike romantic attachment anxiety, romantic attachment avoidance significantly mediates the relationship between parentification and negative dyadic coping. In addition to that, avoidance seems to mediate the relationship between past parentification, hostile and superficial dyadic coping, which are two subtypes of negative dyadic coping. Finally, self-perceptions and perceptions of the other vary according to the kind of insecure romantic attachment each partner possesses, as well as according to the specific subdimension of past parentification. Conclusions: The present study suggests that parentification can affect both individual and social wellbeing, undermining the ability to soundly relate with other people and efficiently manage stressful situations, let it be perceived individually or dyadically. Having taken that into consideration, parentification should be accurately assessed in clinic and therapeutic settings, especially when it comes to dealing with couples.
Introduzione: La parentificazione rappresenta il processo interno alle dinamiche familiari in cui ruoli e responsabilità normativamente attribuite agli adulti vengono delegate impropriamente ai figli, che si fanno carico del benessere emotivo, fisico e/o psicologico del genitore. A causa della distorsione relazionale vissuta, i bambini parentificati possono sviluppare una percezione travisata dei rapporti con gli Altri significativi, mantenuta e reiterata nei comportamenti e nelle reazioni tramite la creazione di modelli operativi interni insicuri. Il processo di parentificazione, dunque, può determinare conseguenze deleterie per lo sviluppo individuale, nonché per il modo di rapportarsi funzionalmente agli Altri significativi nel corso della crescita. Lo studio condotto si propone di approfondire il tema della parentificazione, unitamente all’insicurezza dell’attaccamento romantico e al modo di comunicare e gestire lo stress entro una relazione, denominato “coping diadico”. Materiali e metodi: Il campione è composto da un totale di 201 soggetti impegnati in una relazione eterosessuale da almeno due anni e da 78 coppie, ricavate tramite una procedura di accoppiamento di un ID anonimo. I dati sono stati raccolti mediante l’ausilio di un questionario digitale, composto da diversi strumenti self-report relativi alla parentificazione (Filial Responsibility Scale-Adult), all’attaccamento romantico (Experiences in Close Relationship-12) e al coping diadico (Dyadic Coping Questionnaire). Risultati: Dai risultati appare confermata l’associazione tra esperienze di parentificazione passata e attaccamento romantico insicuro, nelle dimensioni di ansietà ed evitamento, sottolineando anche l’influenza reciproca che i partner esercitano entro la diade. La parentificazione risulta associata ad una minore comunicazione dello stress, al coping diadico supportivo e al coping diadico comune; l’indagine diadica condotta in merito ha manifestato risultati coerenti a livello intraindividuale ed interindividuale, evidenziando un’associazione significativa e positiva tra parentificazione e ricorso a coping diadico negativo. L’attaccamento romantico evitante svolge un ruolo significativo come mediatore tra la parentificazione ed il coping diadico negativo, a differenza dell’ansietà. Inoltre, l’evitamento funge da mediatore per quanto concerne la relazione tra parentificazione passata e coping diadico negativo di tipo ostile o superficiale. Infine, le auto e le eteropercezioni relative al coping diadico agito dal partner variano relativamente al tipo di attaccamento insicuro posseduto e alla dimensione di parentificazione passata subita. Conclusioni: Il presente studio sembra suggerire come la parentificazione possa incidere sul benessere individuale e sociale, inficiando le capacità di rapportarsi funzionalmente agli Altri e di gestire in maniera adeguata i momenti di stress soggettivo e diadico. In quanto tale, si inferisce la necessità di valutarlo accuratamente in ambito clinico e terapeutico, specialmente se in ambito duale.
Comunicare lo stress in una relazione: un'indagine individuale e diadica sul ruolo dell'attaccamento romantico tra parentificazione e coping diadico
VIGNATO, GIADA
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction: “Parentification” refers to the process that occurs within a family whereby adult-like roles and responsibilities are inappropriately assigned to children, who are therefore compelled to take care of their parent’s emotional, physical and/or psychological wellbeing. Because of this relationship distortion, parentified children might develop a twisted concept of how their relationships with significant Others should look like, while also repeating such representation through the influence of insecure internal working models. Parentification can set harmful consequences when it comes to both personal development and being able to properly relate to significant Others throughout life. The aim of this study is to broaden the concept of “parentification”, as well as insecure romantic attachment and communication and stress managing within a relationship, a concept called “dyadic coping”. Material and methods: The study sample is composed of 201 adults, who have been romantically involved in a heterosexual relationship for at least two years, as well as 78 couples, matched through an anonymous ID. Data was collected via an online questionnaire, consisting of various self-report measures regarding parentification (Filial Responsibility Scale-Adult), romantic attachment (Experiences in Close Relationship-12) and dyadic coping (Dyadic Coping Questionnaire). Results: The results of this study confirm the association between past parentification and insecure romantic attachment, while also underlining the mutual influence between partners within a dyad. Parentification seems to be related to less stress communication, supportive dyadic coping and common dyadic coping. The dyadic analysis showed consistent results on a personal and interpersonal level, exposing a positive and significant association between parentification and negative dyadic coping. Unlike romantic attachment anxiety, romantic attachment avoidance significantly mediates the relationship between parentification and negative dyadic coping. In addition to that, avoidance seems to mediate the relationship between past parentification, hostile and superficial dyadic coping, which are two subtypes of negative dyadic coping. Finally, self-perceptions and perceptions of the other vary according to the kind of insecure romantic attachment each partner possesses, as well as according to the specific subdimension of past parentification. Conclusions: The present study suggests that parentification can affect both individual and social wellbeing, undermining the ability to soundly relate with other people and efficiently manage stressful situations, let it be perceived individually or dyadically. Having taken that into consideration, parentification should be accurately assessed in clinic and therapeutic settings, especially when it comes to dealing with couples.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/96202