Background: Self-harm, understood as the deliberate behavior of inflicting harm on oneself, has been increasingly observed during adolescence. It serves as a key indicator of psychological distress and is frequently linked to other clinical conditions, including mood, anxiety, and personality disorders. One dimension that remains relatively underexplored in the literature concerns recurrences, defined as the return of symptoms after a period of remission. These recurrences are often associated with greater clinical severity and psychopathological complexity, representing a risk factor for the chronic course of self-injurious behavior and comorbid psychopathology, as well as for a possible transition toward suicidal behaviors. Objectives and Methods: This retrospective observational study examined a sample of 289 adolescents admitted to the Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit of the Padua University Hospital between January 2015 and May 2025 following self-injurious behaviors. Sociodemographic, clinical, and psychopathological variables were collected and analyzed through a review of medical records and psychodiagnostic protocols. The study pursued three main objectives: to describe the sample at the time of the first hospitalization; to compare adolescents with and without recurrences in order to identify potential risk factors associated with relapse; and, within the subgroup of recurrent cases, to conduct a comparative analysis between the first and subsequent hospitalizations. Results: The sample consisted predominantly of female adolescents (80%), with a mean age of 14 years and 10 months. Most participants received diagnoses within the categories of mood and anxiety disorders, in addition to relational difficulties both within the family and with peers. The subgroup of recurrent patients showed higher levels of both externalizing and internalizing problems, particularly anxiety and depression. They also reported greater emotional dysregulation, a higher frequency of sleep disorders, and lower levels of personality functioning, as described within Kernberg’s theoretical framework. Furthermore, more problematic peer relationships emerged in this group, often marked by social withdrawal. With regard to the intragroup analysis conducted among recurrent cases, the comparison between the first and subsequent hospitalizations revealed an overall stable clinical picture. Nonetheless, statistically significant differences were observed in some clinical variables, suggesting a decrease in psychopathological symptomatology in hospitalizations following the first. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that emotional dysregulation, impaired personality functioning, and the presence of externalizing problems may serve as potential predictors of recurrence in adolescent self-injurious behaviors. Identifying these factors during the first hospitalization could support the early recognition of individuals at greater risk of repeating self-injurious acts.
Background: L’autolesionismo, definito come un comportamento finalizzato a infliggere volontariamente un danno a sé stessi, è un fenomeno in costante aumento in età evolutiva. Esso rappresenta un importante indice di sofferenza psicologica e si associa frequentemente ad altri quadri clinici, come: disturbi dell’umore, d’ansia e di personalità. Tra le dimensioni meno approfondite in letteratura si evidenzia quella delle recidive, definite come la ricomparsa della sintomatologia a seguito di un periodo di remissione. Le recidive sono spesso associate a maggiore gravità e complessità psicopatologica, costituendo un fattore di rischio per la cronicizzazione della condotta autolesiva e della psicopatologia comorbida, nonché per una possibile evoluzione verso forme suicidarie. Obiettivi e metodi: Il presente studio osservazionale retrospettivo ha analizzato un campione di 289 adolescenti ricoverati presso l’U.O.C. di Neuropsichiatria Infantile dell’Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova tra gennaio 2015 e maggio 2025 a seguito di condotte autolesive. Sono state raccolte e analizzate variabili sociodemografiche, cliniche e psicopatologiche, tramite revisione delle cartelle cliniche e dei protocolli psicodiagnostici. Gli obiettivi principali hanno riguardato: la descrizione del campione al primo ricovero; il confronto tra soggetti recidivanti e non recidivanti, al fine di individuare eventuali fattori associati al rischio di recidiva; l’analisi comparativa, all’interno del sottogruppo recidivante, tra il primo ricovero e quelli successivi. Risultati: Il campione analizzato risulta composto principalmente da ragazze (80%), con un’età media di 14 anni e 10 mesi. La maggior parte dei soggetti presentava una diagnosi appartenente alle categorie dei disturbi dell’umore e d’ansia, oltre a difficoltà relazionali sia in ambito familiare che con il gruppo dei pari. Il gruppo dei soggetti recidivanti ha evidenziato livelli più elevati di problematiche esternalizzanti e internalizzanti, con particolare riferimento ad ansia e depressione. Inoltre, ha riportato una maggiore disregolazione emotiva, una frequenza più alta di disturbi del sonno e un livello di funzionamento della personalità più basso, secondo il modello teorico proposto da Kernberg. Sono emerse, infine, relazioni più problematiche con il gruppo dei pari, frequentemente caratterizzate da ritiro sociale. Per quanto riguarda l’analisi intragruppo condotta all’interno del sottogruppo recidivante, dal confronto fra il primo e i successivi ricoveri è emerso un quadro nel complesso stabile, sebbene siano state riscontrate differenze statisticamente significative in alcune delle variabili cliniche considerate, che suggeriscono una diminuzione della sintomatologia psicopatologica nei ricoveri successivi al primo. Conclusioni: I risultati dello studio suggeriscono che la disregolazione emotiva, un funzionamento di personalità compromesso e la presenza di problemi esternalizzanti costituiscono potenziali indicatori predittivi di recidiva nei comportamenti autolesivi in adolescenza. L’intercettazione di questi elementi al primo ricovero potrebbe contribuire all’identificazione precoce dei soggetti maggiormente a rischio di reiterazione delle condotte autolesive.
Autolesionismo in età evolutiva e indicatori predittivi di recidiva: studio clinico retrospettivo
CALVITTO, ANDREA
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: Self-harm, understood as the deliberate behavior of inflicting harm on oneself, has been increasingly observed during adolescence. It serves as a key indicator of psychological distress and is frequently linked to other clinical conditions, including mood, anxiety, and personality disorders. One dimension that remains relatively underexplored in the literature concerns recurrences, defined as the return of symptoms after a period of remission. These recurrences are often associated with greater clinical severity and psychopathological complexity, representing a risk factor for the chronic course of self-injurious behavior and comorbid psychopathology, as well as for a possible transition toward suicidal behaviors. Objectives and Methods: This retrospective observational study examined a sample of 289 adolescents admitted to the Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit of the Padua University Hospital between January 2015 and May 2025 following self-injurious behaviors. Sociodemographic, clinical, and psychopathological variables were collected and analyzed through a review of medical records and psychodiagnostic protocols. The study pursued three main objectives: to describe the sample at the time of the first hospitalization; to compare adolescents with and without recurrences in order to identify potential risk factors associated with relapse; and, within the subgroup of recurrent cases, to conduct a comparative analysis between the first and subsequent hospitalizations. Results: The sample consisted predominantly of female adolescents (80%), with a mean age of 14 years and 10 months. Most participants received diagnoses within the categories of mood and anxiety disorders, in addition to relational difficulties both within the family and with peers. The subgroup of recurrent patients showed higher levels of both externalizing and internalizing problems, particularly anxiety and depression. They also reported greater emotional dysregulation, a higher frequency of sleep disorders, and lower levels of personality functioning, as described within Kernberg’s theoretical framework. Furthermore, more problematic peer relationships emerged in this group, often marked by social withdrawal. With regard to the intragroup analysis conducted among recurrent cases, the comparison between the first and subsequent hospitalizations revealed an overall stable clinical picture. Nonetheless, statistically significant differences were observed in some clinical variables, suggesting a decrease in psychopathological symptomatology in hospitalizations following the first. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that emotional dysregulation, impaired personality functioning, and the presence of externalizing problems may serve as potential predictors of recurrence in adolescent self-injurious behaviors. Identifying these factors during the first hospitalization could support the early recognition of individuals at greater risk of repeating self-injurious acts.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Calvitto_Andrea.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
1.61 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.61 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/96235