The management of rheumatic diseases represents an area of growing clinical and scientific interest, with particular attention to non-pharmacological treatment, which are assuming an increasingly relevant role in clinical practice. Numerous studies have shown that physical exercise is an important non-pharmacological intervention to improve the symptoms of rheumatic diseases such as rigidity, also thanks to its anti-inflammatory effect. These effects are even more evident if other aspects of lifestyle, such as diet, are also optimized. The present thesis is part of the project “Tapering of therapy: the Impact of LifesTyle and predictors of sustained remission” (TILT study) which aims to study the effects of lifestyle modification, through physical exercise and diet, on maintaining low disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis who are undergoing a reduction in drug therapy as per clinical indications. The thesis refers to a pilot phase of the study that considered three mesocycles of the exercise protocol in a small number of subjects. In particular, the analysis focused on the effects of aerobic training, strength training and flexibility training on aerobic capacity, muscle strength, flexibility, balance, pain management and quality of life. The study was conducted on the six patients enrolled in the intervention group and one subject included in the control group. All participants underwent a functional assessment that included the following tests: CPET, Six Senior Fitness Test Battery, SPPB, Handgrip test, isokinetic tests and questionnaires (IPAQ and SF-36). The participants included in the intervention group performed a physical exercise program at the hospital gym affiliated with the UOC Sports and Exercise Medicine. The program lasted twelve weeks and included twenty supervised training sessions. The qualitative comparison of pre-intervention evaluation and the post-intervention evaluation data showed that the subjects in the intervention group achieved an improvement in functional abilities and muscle strength, accompanied by better pain management and improved quality of life. Furthermore, the results were reinforced by comparison with the health subject which, instead, showed no relevant improvements. Consequently, it appears that a structured physical exercise protocol adapted to patient’s needs, after adequate evaluation, can be considered a plausible therapeutic intervention that is safe and well tolerated. This study lays the foundations for subsequent enrollment that can confirm, with an adequate number of subjects, the clinical efficacy of lifestyle intervention.
La gestione delle malattie reumatiche rappresenta un campo di crescente interesse clinico e scientifico, con particolare interesse al trattamento non farmacologico, che sta assumendo un ruolo sempre più rilevante nella pratica clinica. Numerosi studi hanno dimostrato che l’esercizio fisico è un intervento non farmacologico importante per migliorare alcuni sintomi delle malattie reumatiche come la rigidità, anche grazie al suo effetto antinfiammatorio. Tali effetti risultano ancora più evidenti se anche altri aspetti dello stile di vita, come la dieta, vengono ottimizzati. Il presente lavoro di tesi si inserisce all’interno del progetto “Tapering of therapy: the Impact of LifesTyle and predictors of sustained remission” (TILT study) che si propone di studiare gli effetti della modifica dello stile di vita, attraverso l’esercizio fisico e la dieta, sul mantenimento di una bassa attività della malattia nei pazienti con l’artrite reumatoide, l’artrite psoriasica e la spondilite anchilosante, che vanno incontro alla riduzione della terapia farmacologica come dà indicazioni cliniche. Il presente elaborato si riferisce ad una fase pilota dello studio che ha considerato tre mesocicli del protocollo di esercizio fisico in un ristretto numero di soggetti. In particolare, l’analisi si è focalizzata sugli effetti del training aerobico, del training di forza e del training di flessibilità sulla capacità aerobica, sulla forza muscolare, sulla flessibilità, sull’equilibrio, sulla gestione del dolore e sulla qualità della vita. Lo studio è stato condotto su sei pazienti arruolati nel gruppo di intervento e un solo soggetto incluso nel gruppo di controllo. Tutti i partecipanti sono stati sottoposti a una valutazione funzionale che comprendeva i seguenti test: CPET, Six Senior Fitness Test Battery, SPPB, Handgrip test, test isocinetici e questionari (IPAQ e SF-36). I partecipanti inclusi nel gruppo di intervento hanno svolto un programma di esercizio fisico presso la palestra ospedaliera afferente all’UOC di Medicina dello Sport e dell’Esercizio, della durata di dodici settimane e che prevedeva venti sessioni di allenamento supervisionato. Il confronto qualitativo dei dati della valutazione pre-intervento e della valutazione post-intervento ha evidenziato che i soggetti del gruppo di intervento hanno ottenuto un miglioramento delle capacità funzionali e della forza muscolare, accompagnato da un miglioramento della gestione del dolore e della qualità della vita. Inoltre, i risultati sono stati ulteriormente rafforzati dal confronto con il soggetto sano che, invece, non ha mostrato miglioramenti rilevanti. Di conseguenza, sembrerebbe che un protocollo di esercizio fisico strutturato e adattato alle esigenze dei pazienti, dopo un adeguata valutazione, possa essere considerato come plausibile intervento terapeutico sicuro e ben tollerato. Tale studio pone le basi per il successivo arruolamento che possa confermare, con un numero adeguato di soggetti, l’efficacia clinica dell’intervento sullo stile di vita.
Il ruolo dell'esercizio fisico nella gestione delle malattie reumatiche: studio pilota caso-controllo
MANTINEO, GIULIA
2024/2025
Abstract
The management of rheumatic diseases represents an area of growing clinical and scientific interest, with particular attention to non-pharmacological treatment, which are assuming an increasingly relevant role in clinical practice. Numerous studies have shown that physical exercise is an important non-pharmacological intervention to improve the symptoms of rheumatic diseases such as rigidity, also thanks to its anti-inflammatory effect. These effects are even more evident if other aspects of lifestyle, such as diet, are also optimized. The present thesis is part of the project “Tapering of therapy: the Impact of LifesTyle and predictors of sustained remission” (TILT study) which aims to study the effects of lifestyle modification, through physical exercise and diet, on maintaining low disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis who are undergoing a reduction in drug therapy as per clinical indications. The thesis refers to a pilot phase of the study that considered three mesocycles of the exercise protocol in a small number of subjects. In particular, the analysis focused on the effects of aerobic training, strength training and flexibility training on aerobic capacity, muscle strength, flexibility, balance, pain management and quality of life. The study was conducted on the six patients enrolled in the intervention group and one subject included in the control group. All participants underwent a functional assessment that included the following tests: CPET, Six Senior Fitness Test Battery, SPPB, Handgrip test, isokinetic tests and questionnaires (IPAQ and SF-36). The participants included in the intervention group performed a physical exercise program at the hospital gym affiliated with the UOC Sports and Exercise Medicine. The program lasted twelve weeks and included twenty supervised training sessions. The qualitative comparison of pre-intervention evaluation and the post-intervention evaluation data showed that the subjects in the intervention group achieved an improvement in functional abilities and muscle strength, accompanied by better pain management and improved quality of life. Furthermore, the results were reinforced by comparison with the health subject which, instead, showed no relevant improvements. Consequently, it appears that a structured physical exercise protocol adapted to patient’s needs, after adequate evaluation, can be considered a plausible therapeutic intervention that is safe and well tolerated. This study lays the foundations for subsequent enrollment that can confirm, with an adequate number of subjects, the clinical efficacy of lifestyle intervention.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/96385