Objective: The present study examines twenty-three cases of neonaticide that occurred in Italy between 1970 and 2023, based on clinical-forensic documentation produced within judicial proceedings in which the mothers underwent psychological and psychiatric assessment for forensic purposes. The aim is to explore the psychopathological, relational, and criminodynamic characteristics of the perpetrators, with particular attention to the phenomenon of Denial of Pregnancy and to the cognitive and emotional processes underlying the behavior. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted through document analysis of psychiatric evaluations, expert reports, and court judgments. Data were analyzed using a comparative thematic approach aimed at identifying recurring clinical, relational, and criminodynamic features. Following qualitative assessment, the variables were organized into a structured database and subjected to descriptive and exploratory statistical analysis. Results: Denial of Pregnancy was identified in 15 out of 23 cases (65.3%), supporting the frequent association reported in the literature between this condition and neonaticidal behavior, while the remaining cases exhibited concealment patterns. Women with denial were more often aged ≤ 25 years (73.3%), single (86%), and primiparous (80%). Qualitative analysis revealed cross-cutting elements within the sample, such as cognitive or emotional immaturity, difficulties integrating the experience of pregnancy, and widespread relational isolation. Dissociative experiences appeared more pronounced in the denial group, whereas in the concealment group motivations were predominantly linked to fear or familial and social pressures. The profile of the neonaticidal woman thus emerges as heterogeneous and evolving compared to the traditional clinical stereotype, characterized by multiple dimensions of vulnerability rather than by specific structured psychopathological syndromes. Quantitative analysis, albeit limited by the small sample size, did not reveal significant associations between Denial of Pregnancy and major psychopathological variables, confirming the central role of cognitive and relational functioning factors. Conclusions: The findings suggest that neonaticide, within the context of Denial of Pregnancy, should be interpreted as the outcome of a complex interplay of cognitive, affective, and situational factors. The early identification of unperceived pregnancies and of profiles marked by cognitive-affective immaturity represents a crucial goal from both preventive and clinical-forensic perspectives. Moreover, the observed lack of adequate emotional-affective and relational homeostasis should prompt broader reflection on the interpretation of the conditions of moral and material abandonment as defined by article 578 of the Italian Penal Code.
Obiettivo: Il presente studio analizza ventitré casi di neonaticidio avvenuti in Italia tra il 1970 e il 2023, tratti da documentazione clinico-forense prodotta nell’ambito di procedimenti giudiziari, in cui le madri sono state sottoposte a valutazione psicologico-psichiatrica per finalità peritali. L’obiettivo è esplorare le caratteristiche psicopatologiche, relazionali e criminodinamiche delle autrici, con particolare attenzione al fenomeno del Denial of Pregnancy e ai processi cognitivi ed emotivi sottesi alla condotta. Metodi: È stato condotto uno studio osservazionale retrospettivo basato su analisi documentale di perizie psichiatriche, consulenze tecniche e sentenze. I dati sono stati analizzati attraverso un approccio tematico di tipo comparativo, volto a individuare ricorrenze cliniche, relazionali e criminodinamiche. Dopo la valutazione qualitativa, le variabili sono state organizzate in un database strutturato e sottoposte ad analisi statistica descrittiva ed esplorativa. Risultati: Il Denial of Pregnancy è stato riscontrato in 15 casi su 23 (65,3%), a sostegno della frequente associazione riportata in letteratura tra questa condizione e il comportamento neonaticida, mentre nei restanti casi erano presenti condotte di concealment. Le donne con denial presentavano più spesso età ≤ 25 anni (73,3%), erano single (86%) e primipare (80%). L’analisi qualitativa ha permesso di evidenziare elementi trasversali all’interno del campione, quali immaturità cognitiva o affettiva, difficoltà nell’integrazione dell’esperienza della gravidanza e un diffuso isolamento relazionale. I vissuti dissociativi sembrano più marcati nel gruppo con denial, mentre nel concealment prevalgono motivazioni legate alla paura o alle pressioni familiari e sociali. La figura della donna neonaticida appare dunque eterogenea e in evoluzione rispetto allo stereotipo clinico tradizionale, caratterizzata da profili multipli di vulnerabilità più che da specifici quadri psicopatologici strutturati. L’analisi quantitativa, seppur con i limiti intrinseci alla relativa esiguità del campione, non ha evidenziato associazioni significative tra Denial of Pregnancy e variabili psicopatologiche maggiori, confermando la centralità di fattori di funzionamento cognitivo e relazionale. Conclusioni: I risultati suggeriscono che il neonaticidio, nel contesto del Denial of Pregnancy, debba essere interpretato come esito di un complesso intreccio di fattori cognitivi, affettivi e situazionali. L’identificazione precoce di gravidanze non percepite e di profili di immaturità cognitivo-affettiva rappresenta un obiettivo cruciale in ottica preventiva e clinico-forense. La riscontrata assenza di una adeguata omeostasi emotivo-affettiva e relazionale, inoltre, dovrebbe sollecitare anche una riflessione su un’interpretazione più ampia delle condizioni di abbandono morale e materiale previste dall’articolo 578 del Codice Penale.
Neonaticidio in Italia: uno studio clinico-forense sui fattori di rischio e il ruolo del Denial of Pregnancy
MAZZACURATI, ANNA
2024/2025
Abstract
Objective: The present study examines twenty-three cases of neonaticide that occurred in Italy between 1970 and 2023, based on clinical-forensic documentation produced within judicial proceedings in which the mothers underwent psychological and psychiatric assessment for forensic purposes. The aim is to explore the psychopathological, relational, and criminodynamic characteristics of the perpetrators, with particular attention to the phenomenon of Denial of Pregnancy and to the cognitive and emotional processes underlying the behavior. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted through document analysis of psychiatric evaluations, expert reports, and court judgments. Data were analyzed using a comparative thematic approach aimed at identifying recurring clinical, relational, and criminodynamic features. Following qualitative assessment, the variables were organized into a structured database and subjected to descriptive and exploratory statistical analysis. Results: Denial of Pregnancy was identified in 15 out of 23 cases (65.3%), supporting the frequent association reported in the literature between this condition and neonaticidal behavior, while the remaining cases exhibited concealment patterns. Women with denial were more often aged ≤ 25 years (73.3%), single (86%), and primiparous (80%). Qualitative analysis revealed cross-cutting elements within the sample, such as cognitive or emotional immaturity, difficulties integrating the experience of pregnancy, and widespread relational isolation. Dissociative experiences appeared more pronounced in the denial group, whereas in the concealment group motivations were predominantly linked to fear or familial and social pressures. The profile of the neonaticidal woman thus emerges as heterogeneous and evolving compared to the traditional clinical stereotype, characterized by multiple dimensions of vulnerability rather than by specific structured psychopathological syndromes. Quantitative analysis, albeit limited by the small sample size, did not reveal significant associations between Denial of Pregnancy and major psychopathological variables, confirming the central role of cognitive and relational functioning factors. Conclusions: The findings suggest that neonaticide, within the context of Denial of Pregnancy, should be interpreted as the outcome of a complex interplay of cognitive, affective, and situational factors. The early identification of unperceived pregnancies and of profiles marked by cognitive-affective immaturity represents a crucial goal from both preventive and clinical-forensic perspectives. Moreover, the observed lack of adequate emotional-affective and relational homeostasis should prompt broader reflection on the interpretation of the conditions of moral and material abandonment as defined by article 578 of the Italian Penal Code.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/96505